走出“启蒙与救亡”:从一场关于鲁迅是否为民族主义者的争论说起  

Go Beyond the“Enlightenment vs National Salvation”:from a Debate on Whether Lu Xun Was a Nationalist

作　　者：贺玉高[1] 牛旭阳 HE Yugao;NIU Xuyang(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学文学院,河南郑州450001 [2]首都师范大学文学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中州大学学报》2024年第1期11-18,共8页Journal of Zhongzhou University

摘　　要：新世纪初学界发生了一场关于鲁迅是否为民族主义者的争论。虽然争论双方在这一问题上持有截然相反的观点,但他们却具有同样的思想基础,即民族主义/个性主义、中国/西方、传统/现代等二元对立框架。无论肯定还是否定鲁迅是一个民族主义者,这种框架导致双方貌似合理的论证中都频繁出现了对“西方”“西方文化”“现代性”“民族主义”等概念绝对化、简单化的理解与使用。1980年代以来“启蒙与救亡”的二元对立思想所带来的盲点在这场争论中暴露无遗。国内外思想史研究界早已超越了这种二元对立的思维模式,鲁迅研究界的最重要成果也都是建立在这种超越之上的,但这场争论及后来的回响说明它的影响依然强大,现代文学研究界需要继续对“启蒙与救亡”二元对立的基础思维框架进行深入总结与反思。At the beginning of the new century,there was a debate about whether Lu Xun was a nationalist.Although the two sides hold diametrically opposed views on this issue,they share the same ideological basis,which is the binary opposition framework of nationalism versus individualism,China versus the West and tradition versus modernity.Whether one affirm or deny that Lu Xun was a nationalist,this framework leads to the absolute and simplified understanding and use of the concepts of“the West”,“Western culture”,“Modernity”and“nationalism”in the seemingly reasonable arguments of both sides.Since the 1980s,the blind spots brought by the binary opposition of“enlightenment and national salvation”have been exposed in this debate.The research circles of intellectual history at home and abroad have already surpassed the dualistic thinking mode,and the major achievements of Lu Xun’s research circles are also based on this breakthrough.However,this debate and its subsequent repercussions show that its influence is still strong.The research circles of modern literature need to continue to reflect deeply on the basic thinking framework of this binary opposition,and go beyond it at last.

关 键 词：鲁迅 民族主义 启蒙与救亡 二元对立 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]