不同生育期干旱胁迫对马铃薯生长特性、块茎产量和水分利用效率的影响  被引量:5

Effects of drought stress treatments on potato growth characteristics,tuber yield and water use efficiency at different growth stages

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作  者:史田斌 刘震[1] 李志涛 陈丽敏 朱金勇 李泓阳 王玮璐 齐喆颖 张俊莲 李亚杰 刘玉汇[1] SHI Tian-bin;LIU Zhen;LI Zhi-tao;CHEN Li-min;ZHU Jin-yong;LI Hong-yang;WANG Wei-lu;QI Zhe-ying;ZHANG Jun-lian;LI Ya-jie;LIU Yu-hui(Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743000,China)

机构地区:[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000

出  处:《江苏农业学报》2024年第2期193-202,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基  金:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P14);省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放基金项目(GSCS-2021-Z02);甘肃农业大学“伏羲人才”计划项目(Gaufx-02Y04);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(GAU-KYQD-2020-11)。

摘  要:为了探究马铃薯对不同生育期干旱胁迫的响应,明确马铃薯各生育期的需水特性,本研究以马铃薯栽培品种华颂7号为试验材料,在大田遮雨棚下对马铃薯各生育期进行干旱胁迫处理,研究不同生育期干旱胁迫对马铃薯植株生长、干物质积累、块茎产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,幼苗期干旱胁迫处理(T_(1))后恢复灌水,相较于对照,成熟期马铃薯株高、根长、干物质积累量和水分利用效率显著提高。在产量和产量构成方面,幼苗期干旱胁迫处理后恢复灌水,大薯率较对照显著提高11.00个百分点、小薯率较对照显著降低10.34个百分点,块茎产量较对照显著增加31.34%。块茎形成期和块茎膨大期干旱胁迫处理(T_(2)、T_(3))的块茎产量较CK显著下降58.41%和27.84%,T_(2)处理的大薯率较对照显著降低了25.34个百分点,但T_(3)处理的大薯率、中薯率、小薯率与对照相比无显著差异。相较于对照,淀粉积累期干旱胁迫处理(T_(4))对马铃薯单株干物质积累、块茎产量和产量构成影响不显著。因此,可对华颂7号在幼苗期进行适当干旱胁迫以提高块茎产量和水分利用效率,而在块茎形成期和块茎膨大期应保持充足的水分供应以确保块茎产量的形成,从而达到高产高效的目的。In order to explore the response of potato to drought stress at different growth periods and clarify the water demand characteristics of potato at each growth stage,this study used the potato cultivar Huasong 7 as the test material to carry out drought stress treatments at each growth stage of potato under the field canopy.The effects of drought stress on plant growth,dry matter accumulation,tuber yield and water use efficiency at different growth stages were studied.The results showed that the plant height,root length,dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency of potato at the mature stage were significantly increased under drought stress treatment at seedling stage(T_(1)).In terms of yield and yield components compared with control,the rate of big tuber under T_(1),treatment was significantly increased by 11.00 percentage points,the rate of small tuber was significantly decreased by 10.34 percentage points,and the yield of tuber was significantly increased by 31.34%.Tuber yield under drought stress treatments at tuber formation stage(T_(2))and tuber expansion stage(T_(3))was significantly decreased by 58.41%and 27.84%compared with control.The rate of large tuber under T_(2)treatment was significantly decreased by 25.34 percentage points compared with control,but there was no significant difference in the rates of large tuber,medium tuber and small tuber between T_(3)and control.Drought stress treatment at starch accumulation stage(T_(4))had no significant effect on dry matter accumulation per plant,tuber yield and yield components compared with control.Therefore,appropriate drought stress treatment can be applied to Huasong 7 at seedling stage to improve tuber yield and water use efficiency,while in the period of tuber formation and tuber expansion,sufficient water supply should be maintained to ensure the formation of tuber yield,so as to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

关 键 词:马铃薯 干旱胁迫 生长特性 块茎产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号:S532[农业科学—作物学]

 

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