美国国家实验室联合攻关重大科技任务的组织模式及启示  

Organizational model and enlightenment from United States national laboratories in jointly tackling major scientific and technological tasks

作　　者：李辉 西桂权 张惠娜[2] LI Hui;XI Guiquan;ZHANG Huina(Institute of Science and Technology Information,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100044,China;Think Tank Centre of Science and Technology,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院科技情报研究所,北京100044 [2]北京市科学技术研究院科技智库中心,北京100044

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第1期245-251,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：北京市社科基金项目(23LLGLB083);北京市财政项目(23CC002-01)。

摘　　要：该文从管理方式、机构遴选、经费管理、利益分配与成果保护等维度总结了美国国家实验室联合攻关重大科技任务的组织模式与特征。结合美国国家实验室的经验和我国实际情况,提出灵活设置联合攻关统筹管理部门、构建举国攻关任务组织模式、保障经费持续投入、建立优势团队遴选和多路线竞争退出机制、科学统筹利益分配与妥善处理保密问题等建议,以期为我国国家实验室形成高效完成国家战略任务的新型体制机制提供启示。[Objective]The scientific research system and mechanisms of national laboratories in China still need to be addressed.Leveraging the benefits of large-scale interdisciplinary research and the combination of large-scale team systematic scientific research,enhancing the overall efficiency of the scientific and technological innovation system remains a problem that requires addressing.In connection with the systematic technological innovation needs in the context of‘big science,big research,and big collaboration’,the National Laboratories of the United States adopted an organizational model of‘small core+large periphery’.The concentrated breakthrough of major national scientific and technological tasks fully plays a bridging role,widely mobilizes advantageous resources,such as universities and enterprises,and leverages more social forces to invest in basic research.It is worth learning from the high-quality experience of the United States,which is enlightening and can be an important reference for China’s national laboratory innovation research system and mechanism,boosting joint research and development of major scientific and technological tasks and speeding up the transformation of major scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs.[Methods]In this study,the inductive translation method is employed to summarize the patterns and characteristics of major scientific and technological tasks in collaboration with U.S.national laboratories and universities,research institutions,and industry from the dimensions of organizational management,selection of cooperative institutions,research funding management,benefit allocation,and achievement protection.Regarding organizational management methods,government departments should coordinate the establishment of flexible joint research and development(R&D)organizational management mechanisms,establish diversified top-level management offices,enhance the efficiency of resource allocation,and establish a temporary joint R&D working group to target breakthroughs

关 键 词：国家实验室 联合攻关 重大科技任务 组织模式 

分 类 号：G482[文化科学—教育学]