干旱条件下马铃薯叶片光合特征对叶室温度的响应  

Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Potato Leaves to Leaf Chamber Temperature under Drought Condition

作　　者：杨阳 赵鸿[1] 杜昊霖 王鹤龄[1] YANG Yang;ZHAO Hong;DU Hao-lin;WANG He-ling(Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorological,China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第3期308-317,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975151);甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(ZcMs2023-22);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(20JR5RA121)。

摘　　要：通过Li-6400便携式光合仪设置叶室温度分别为22、25、28、31和34℃,模拟叶片局部温度,测定马铃薯块茎膨大期充分供水(土壤含水量保持80%田间持水量,对照处理)和干旱(土壤含水量在65%田间持水量时开始持续干旱)条件下叶片光合特征的光响应曲线,研究干旱条件下马铃薯叶片光合特征对叶室温度的响应特征。结果表明:充足灌溉条件下马铃薯在25℃时具有较大的光合潜能,且对弱光的利用最强,22℃条件下马铃薯叶片对光环境适应最强,28℃条件下马铃薯叶片活性最好,而干旱胁迫处理明显降低了马铃薯的最大光合能力、弱光的利用能力和叶片活性。随着温度升高,充足灌溉条件下马铃薯叶片净光合速率和气孔导度先升后降,在25℃达到最大,此时蒸腾速率最小,水分利用效率较高,说明此温度条件下马铃薯表现出较强的水、气调节能力,对环境的适应能力最强,25℃下马铃薯光合作用较为适宜,其次是22℃,而干旱胁迫马铃薯叶片在22℃条件下净光合速率最大、蒸腾速率最小、气孔导度较大、水分利用效率最高,此温度条件为干旱胁迫下马铃薯适应能力最适温度。温度高于31℃对马铃薯光合作用不利。The leaf chamber temperature was set to 22,25,28,31 and 34℃by Li-6400 portable photosynthesizer to simulate the local leaf temperature,the photoresponse curves of leaf photosynthetic characteristics of potato tuber were measured under the conditions of full water supply(soil water content remained at 80%field holding as control treatment)and drought(soil water content began to continue drought at 65%field holding)during the expanding stage of potato tuber,and the response characteristics of potato leaf photosynthetic characteristics to leaf chamber temperature under drought conditions were studied.The results showed that under adequate irrigation conditions,potatoes had greater photosynthetic potential at 25℃,and the utilization of low light was the strongest.Under 22℃,potato leaves had the strongest adaptation to light environment,and under 28℃,potato leaves had the best activity,while drought stress treatment significantly reduced the maximum photosynthetic capacity,low light utilization capacity and leaf activity of potato.With the increase of temperature,the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of potato leaves first increased and then decreased under adequate irrigation,and reached the maximum at 25℃,when the transpiration rate was the lowest and the water use efficiency was higher,indicating that under this temperature condition,potato showed strong water and air regulation ability and the strongest adaptability to the environment.Photosynthesis was more suitable at 25℃,followed by 22℃,under drought stress,the net photosynthetic rate of potato leaves was the highest,the transpiration rate was the lowest,the stomatal conductance was the highest,and the water use efficiency was the highest,which was the optimal temperature for potato adaptability under drought stress.Temperature higher than 31℃was unfavorable for potato photosynthesis.

关 键 词：马铃薯 光合作用 干旱胁迫 温度效应 半干旱区 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护] S532