论20世纪20年代歌谣的民间表达与方言新诗的生成  

On the Folk Expression of Ballads and the Formation of Dialectal New Poetry in the 1920s

作　　者：唐诗诗 Tang Shishi(Institute of Literature,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院文学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《嘉兴学院学报》2024年第2期84-91,共8页Journal of Jiaxing University

基　　金：上海社会科学院院内招标课题;教育部人文社科研究西部和边疆地区青年项目(22XJC751007)。

摘　　要：国语运动对“国语文学”概念的建设中,民间文艺成为被发现的资源从而进入概念的核心位置。从刘半农、沈从文等人自觉的歌谣收集到方言诗歌的创作来看,歌谣运动对民间童谣、山歌、唱本的收集影响到了新文学家诗歌语言及诗体的试验。从江阴民歌与婉转细腻的吴语诗、北京童谣与爽朗粗疏的京话诗、凤凰山歌与蛮野活泼的镇筸土话诗的关联看,方言及作为口语韵文的歌谣潜移默化地影响到新诗的语言、结构及风格。作为诗人诗体及语言试验的成果,“说话”的诗在新诗史上数量虽不多,但对初期诗苑“百花齐放”的丰富及“言文一致”可能性的探索而言无疑意义重大。这个一直为文学史家忽略的事实只有在“国语”建设及语言发展的聚焦下才能被打捞、发现并细致地辨析。In the construction of the concept of “Mandarin literature” by the National Language Movement,folk literature and art became discovered resources and entered the core position of the concept.Judging from the conscious collection of ballads by Liu Bannong,Shen Congwen and others and the creation of dialectal poetry,the collection of folk nursery rhymes,the collection of mountain songs and songbooks in the ballad movement had an impact on new writers' experiments in poetic language and style.Judging from the correlation between Jiangyin folk songs and the graceful and delicate Wu dialect poetry,Beijing nursery rhymes and the straightforward and bright Beijing dialect poetry,Fenghuang mountain songs and the wild and lively Zhengan dialect poetry,dialects and ballads as oral rhymes had a subtle impact on the language,structure and style of new poetry.As a result of poets' experiments in poetic style and language,speaking-style poems,though small in number in the history of new poetry,are undoubtedly of great significance to the richness of the early poetry garden filled with hundreds of blossoms and the exploration of the possibility of the consistency between spoken language and written language.This fact,which literary historians have overlooked,can only be salvaged,discovered and analyzed in detail in the spotlight on the construction of the “national language” and language development.

关 键 词：歌谣运动 方言诗 刘半农 沈从文 

分 类 号：I207.25[文学—中国文学]