三峡库区典型支流水质污染现状及水生态承载力分析  

Water pollution status and ecological capacity of typical tributaries in Three Gorges Reservoir area

作　　者：芦秀青 刘伟 马志刚 陈莎莎 吴晓 LU Xiuqing;LIU Wei;MA Zhigang;CHEN Shasha;WU Xiao(ChangJiang Ecology(Hubei)Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]长江生态(湖北)科技发展有限责任公司,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2024年第3期96-103,共8页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

基　　金：三峡后续工作专项资金项目(CGJ-2020-012)。

摘　　要：为探究三峡库区典型支流水质污染现状和水资源生态承载力,以童庄河、神农溪、大宁河、汉丰湖和草堂河为对象,于2020年9月(蓄水前)和10月(蓄水后)进行水样采集和分析,并通过综合水质标识指数法进行水质评价。同时依据流域所在区县2020年的统计年鉴、水资源公报和生态环境统计公报对流域水资源生态足迹和生态承载力进行分析。结果表明:三峡库区典型支流9月份水质评价结果为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类水,而在10月份其评价结果为Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水,两个月份均以大宁河水质最佳。5个典型支流均为生态盈余状态,其中大宁河的生态盈余最大(796.42万hm^(2)),其余依次为神农溪(774.08万hm^(2))、草堂河(724.26万hm^(2))、汉丰湖(384.90万hm^(2))和童庄河(352.17万hm^(2))。草堂河和汉丰湖水资源负载系数分别为2.739和4.383,等级为Ⅲ级,水资源利用程度和开发程度均为中等,而其余3个典型支流的负载系数对应等级为Ⅱ级,水资源利用程度较低,水资源开发较容易。研究结果可为三峡库区典型支流水资源的开发和管理提供基础数据,支撑流域保护的重大战略。To explore the water pollution status and ecological capacity of typical tributaries in Three Gorges Reservoir area,water samples from Tongzhuang River,Shennong River,Daning River,Hanfeng Lake and Caotang River in September(wet season)and October(impoundment season)in 2020 were collected and analyzed.The water quality was evaluated by comprehensive water quality identification index method.The ecological footprint and ecological capacity of the basin were analyzed according to the 2020 yearbook,water resources bulletin,ecological environment statistical bulletin of the county near the basin was located.The results showed that the water quality of typical tributaries in the Three Gorges Reservoir area were ClassⅡand ClassⅢin September,and ClassⅢand ClassⅣin October.The water quality of Daning River was the best.All the five river basins had ecological surplus,among which Daning River had the largest ecological surplus of 7.96 million hectares,followed by Shennong River(7.74 million hectares),Caotang River(7.24 million hectares),Hanfeng Lake(3.85 million hectares)and Tongzhuang River(3.52 million hectares).Among the five typical tributaries,the water resources load index of Caotang River and Hanfeng Lake were 2.739 and 4.383,respectively,the grades were classified as ClassⅢ,and the degree of water resources utilization and development was medium,while the other three typical tributaries have load indexes corresponding to classⅡwhich indicated low degree of water resources utilization degree and easy water resources development.The results can provide basic data for the development and management of typical tributaries in Three Gorges Reservoir area,and support the major strategy of watershed protection.

关 键 词：典型支流 水质评价 生态足迹 生态承载力 三峡水库 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]