《弘明集》推类思想探析  

A Research on Reasoning Thoughts in HongMingJi

作　　者：张晓芒[1] 张奕 Xiaomang Zhang;Yi Zhang(College of Philosophy,Nankai University;School of Marxism,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院 [2]天津中医药大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2024年第1期1-18,共18页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“八卷本《中国逻辑史》”(14ZDB031);国家社科基金高校思政课研究专项“高校思想政治理论课混合式教学改革研究与实践”(20VSZ051);天津市学校思想政治理论课教学改革重点实验室项目“马克思主义基本原理与中华优秀传统文化相结合思政课重点实验室”(津教学生函[2022]41号)。

摘　　要：南朝梁僧祐编撰的《弘明集》是中国佛教史上第一部护法弘教的文献汇编,收录了东汉至南朝齐、梁五百余年间阐明佛法的各种护法论集57篇,在其“弘道明教”的佛教中国化过程中也在一定程度上吸收着中国传统的思维方式。其中既有对先秦以来推类方法工作机制及功用性的认识,也有类似于先秦惠施有关推类的界定以及对于“譬”的方法论效用的的认识。不仅于此,在整部《弘明集》中对先秦以来的推类方法的认识和运用比比皆是。而在同时期的佛教文学作品《百喻经》中,也能处处看到庄子式的寓言说理的结构式和墨子式的因果性类事理联结词。在佛教传入中国的几百年间,它们所辑录的东汉至南朝齐、梁的各种护法论以及以寓言譬喻大乘佛法,无一不是在自然选择着传统政治伦理传播活动中的“谈辩-用辩”方法,表达着对先秦以来传统推类思想及方法的传承。对《弘明集》以及《百喻经》的推类思想及方法进行研究,可以使我们在中国逻辑史研究的宏观定位研究与微观个案分析互动融贯的基础上,继续发掘、扩展更多的文献史料;同时也可以为当下的思想政治理论课以及传统逻辑课程的教学讲授,在“大历史观”的背景下提供更多的可供选择的中国传统思维方式的案例素材。HongMingJi,Which was edited by Sengyou at Southern Dynasties Liang,collects 57 papers on protecting Dharma and promoting religion across 500 years from the East ern Han Dynasty to Southern Dynasties Liang and Chen,and it is the first compilation for protecting Dharma and promoting religion in the history of Chinese Buddism.Chinese thinking modes are absorded into the process of the Sinicization of Buddism by"promoting morals and teaching etiquette".It contains knowledges of both mechanism and function of reasoning since Pre-Qin Era and definition on reasoning analogue to Huishi and methodological utility of"Pi".In addition,knowledges and applications of reasoning spread over HongMingJi.And everywhere in contemporaneous Buddhist literary works BaiYujing,we can see fable reasoning mechanism in Zhuangzi style and causal connectives in Mozi style.During the several hundreds since Buddism is propagated in China,all kinds of theories of protecting Dharma and Mahayana Buddhism in fable style,which are from the Eastern Han Dynasty to Southern Dynasties Liang and Chen,treats"debate debate-use"method as main method which is traditional propagation for politics and ethics,and exhibits the inheritation for traditional reasoning method since Pre-Qin Era.Researches on reasoning thoughts and methods in HongMingJi and BaiYujing give a new chance to deeply excavate further historical materials on the basis of an interaction between macrolevel research and microlevel research for history of logic in China.In the meantime,under the background of"Macrohistory",they can also provide more alternative materials for grasping traditional thinking mode in China,which will be helpful for ideology education and teaching traditional logic course.

关 键 词：《弘明集》 《百喻经》 推类 传统思维方式 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]