美国民主危机的新保守主义诊断——亨廷顿美国政治研究的脉络、范式与议程  

The Evolution, Method and Inference of Samuel Huntington's AmericanPolitical Studies

作　　者：王衡[1,2] WANG Heng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院,100872 [2]中国人民大学21世纪中国马克思主义研究协同创新中心,100872

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第1期57-72,共16页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金“比较视野下中国式现代化新道路的理论贡献研究”(23XNQT20)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国政治研究是贯穿亨廷顿学术生涯始终的关键主题。从早年关注政治体制到晚年侧重身份认同,亨廷顿的美国政治研究经历了从“以制度为中心”到“以文化为中心”的转变,其演进动力是在不断变换的时代课题中始终维护美国的国家利益。基于对美国政治研究传统范式的批评,亨廷顿提出了“国内—国际”的互动范式、“体系—能力”的治理范式和“价值—认同”的文化范式,并揭示出美国民主的内在悖论必然带来结构性危机。为此,亨廷顿提出了一套系统的“新保守主义”方案,其核心内容包括遏制潜在大国发展以维护美国对世界秩序的主导权、节制民主和提高美国的国家统治能力以实现“民主的平衡”、弘扬美国主流文化和意识形态以重振美国国家特性。亨廷顿对美式民主危机的新保守主义诊断对于理解美国政治的“变”与“常”具有一定解释力,但具有浓重现实主义色彩的国际政治观、工具主义色彩的民主政治观和种族主义色彩的身份政治观反映了其思想局限性,需要我们在构建中国政治学知识体系的过程中扬弃和超越。American political studies is one of the key themes throughout Samuel Huntington's academic career.Huntington's American political studies has undergone a change from institution-centered to culture-centered,and its evolution is driven by the constant maintenance of the national interests of the United States in the changing times.Based on criticism of traditional research paradigms,Huntington proposed the interaction paradigm of domestic and international,the governance paradigm of system and capacity,and the cultural paradigm of value and identification.He pointed out that the inherent paradox of American democracy inevitably leads to the structural crisis of democracy.In order to get rid of the crisis,Huntington put forward pertinently the Neo-conservative Plan,including containing the development of potential great powers to maintain American dominance of the world order,moderating democracy and improving the ability of the United States to rule the country to achieve a democratic balance,and revitalizing American national identity by promoting mainstream American culture and ideology.Huntington's American political studies is illuminating in understanding American politics'change and constancy,and promoting the development of political science disciplines and personnel training.Nevertheless,his realistic view of international politics,his instrumental view of democracy together with his counter-cultural pluralism view of identity politics reflect the limitation of his thought,and these are to be avoided and surpassed during the process of constructing the discipline system and discourse system of Chinese political science.

关 键 词：亨廷顿 美国政治 世界秩序 治理能力 国家认同 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]