可托付的“教”与“养”——社会主义工业化初期的公共养育空间与劳动母亲  

The entrustable educating and upbringing:Public education-upbring space and working mothers in the early stage of socialist industrialization

作　　者：马瑶 郑新蓉 敖俊梅[2] Ma Yao;Zheng Xin-rong;Ao Jun-mei(Institute of Education Theories,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;School of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育基本理论研究院,北京100875 [2]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2023年第6期113-124,共12页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“学前儿童饮食教养实践与社会支持体系研究”(项目编号:22ASH009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以国内S省Z市某内燃机车三线工厂为例,通过厂内职工口述资料、政策文本和厂志档案,再现了20世纪60-70年代工厂建设过程中,形成的车间、家庭和学校等重组的公共养育空间,生成了丰富而富有活力的公共养育主体。这其中,妇女得以广泛参与集体生产与共同生活,儿童全面发展的空间得以拓展。对新生代从“养”到“教”的可托付性,重塑了妇女作为社会劳动者与母亲的主体身份。对儿童的公共养育联结了工厂劳动和生活,兼顾了妇女参与社会生产劳动和家庭生活。可托付的公共养育空间也成为国家、社会和工厂培养“社会主义接班人”的有效途径,形塑了劳动者和他们的下一代在社会主义生产和生活中的主人翁地位与身份,在最大程度上承载了工厂的再生产职能,促进了生产和生活的有机分工与联合,为国家社会主义初期的工业现代化提供了强有力的支撑和保障,也为今天提供了可供借鉴的社会想象空间。This paper takes a diesel locomotive of the third-line factory in Z City of S Province as an example,based on the oral data of factory workers,the policy texts and the archives of the factory,that re-presents how a workshop,family and the school for factory Zidi formed the space of public education-upbring and generated a rich and dynamic public parenting subject during the construction of the factory in the 1960s and 1970s.In which women can be widely involved in collective production and common life,and the space for children's all-round development can be expanded.The entrustability of the new generation from raising to teaching has reshaped the main identity of women as social workers and mothers.The public upbringing of children connects factory labor and daily life,balancing women's participation in social production labor and family life.The entrusted public nurturing space has also become an effective way for the state,society and factories to cultivate"socialist successors",to form the master status and identity of workers and their next generation in socialist production and life,to undertake the reproduction function of factories to the greatest extent,promoting the organic division and combination of production and life,to provide a strong support and guarantee for the industrial modernization of the early stage of national socialism,and to provide a social imagination space for reference today.

关 键 词：社会主义工业化 劳动母亲 公共教育 子弟校 

分 类 号：D442.6[政治法律—政治学] G420[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]