基于鸟类生境需求的城市湖岸带设计与修复评估——以梁平双桂湖为例  

Design and Restoration Assessment of Urban Lakeshore Based on Bird Habitat Requirements:A Case Study of Shuanggui Lake in Liangping

作　　者：任璐 袁嘉[1,2,3] 伍叶丹 徐秋华 游奉溢 Ren Lu;Yuan Jia;Wu Yedan;Xu Qiuhua;You Fengyi(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Chongqing University,Chongqing 4000444,China;Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Control of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing University,Chongqing 4000444,China;Forestry Bureau,Liangping 4040004,Chongqing,China;Pucao(Chongqing)Ecological Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [3]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心,重庆400044 [4]重庆市梁平区林业局,重庆404000 [5]朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司,重庆400000

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第1期43-52,共10页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51808065);国家自然科学基金项目面上项目(52178031);国家自然科学基金重点项目(52238003)。

摘　　要：过度开发和休闲游憩等人类干扰导致湖岸带生境的均质化和退化,影响鸟类生存并制约湖泊湿地的生态服务功能。文章以重庆市梁平区双桂湖国家湿地公园为案例,对2019年实施“环境-生物-结构”协同设计的湖岸带修复工程4年后的鸟类群落及生境进行调查,结合生境制图法量化生境特征。结果表明:双桂湖湖岸带共有鸟类49种、实验区45种、对照区22种;实验区鸟类香农-威纳指数(北岸2.665、西岸2.984)高于东岸对照区(2.563),其中,西岸新增小微湿地面积较北岸更多,水鸟种类及其种群数量增加更为显著。鸟类多样性与生境多样性、鸟类数量与生境丰富度之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。综上可知,修复工程有效促进了鸟类生境单元多样性的增加;构建湖岸带小微湿地和“林-草-湿”复合生境格局能使生境异质性和鸟类多样性得到持续提升。Anthropogenic interventions like excessive development and recreational activities resulted in the homogenization and degradation of lakeshore habitats and exerted negative impacts on bird survival and ecological service functions of lake wetlands.Taking Shuanggui National Wetland Park in Liangping District,Chongqing,for a case study,the study investigates the bird communities and their habitats 4 years later after the lakeshore restoration project began to be implemented in 2009,which focused on the coordinated design framework of“environmental elements-biological elements-structure”,and quantifies the habitat characteristics using habitat mapping method.The results reveal that there are totally 49 bird species in the Shuanggui lakeshore,among which 45 species are observed in the experimental area and 22 in the control area;the Shannon-Wiener Index for birds is higher on the north shore(2.665)and the west shore(2.984)of the experimental area,compared to the east shore(2.563)in the control area.The west shore has a larger area of micro-wetland than the north shore,thereby with a more significant increase in both the variety and the population sizes of waterfowl species.There is a significant positive correlation between bird diversity and habitat diversity,as well as between bird abundance and habitat richness(P<0.01).It is concluded that the restoration project has effectively increased the diversity of bird habitat units,and construction of small and micro-wetlands and integrated“forest-grass-wetland”habitat pattern have continuously improved the lakeshore habitat heterogeneity and bird diversity.

关 键 词：城市湖泊湿地 湖岸带 鸟类生境 生物多样性 

分 类 号：TU984.18[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]