工业智能化如何影响劳动力技能结构  

How does Industrial Intelligence Affect Skill Structure of Labor Force

作　　者：赵儒煜[1,2] 高明宇 Zhao Ruyu;Gao Mingyu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心 [2]宁波工程学院区域发展与共同富裕研究院 [3]吉林大学东北亚学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2024年第2期107-118,共12页Finance & Economics

摘　　要：工业智能化影响劳动力技能结构的相关研究大多聚焦于本地视角,往往忽略了工业智能化对劳动力的空间配置作用。本文基于劳动力迁移视角,将包含智能化资本的生产函数纳入空间均衡模型,演绎了工业智能化影响劳动力技能结构的机制,利用2006—2019年我国30个省份面板数据和国际机器人联合会(IFR)数据,实证检验了工业智能化对劳动力技能结构的影响,进一步拓展分析了其作用机制。理论和实证两个层面研究证明:工业智能化能够通过影响劳动力空间配置而重塑劳动力技能结构,具体体现为提升了地区高技能劳动力占比,降低了地区低技能劳动力占比;工业智能化能够产生技能溢价效应,影响技能异质性劳动力收入以及区位选择,进而影响劳动力技能结构;生活成本对工业智能化提升高技能劳动力占比、降低低技能劳动力占比均起到正向调节作用,进一步加剧了劳动力技能结构的分化。为此,政府应加强社会就业保障体系建设,大力推进职业数据培训,提升公共服务水平,加快打造人工智能人才高地。Most of the relevant studies on the impact of industrial intelligence on the skill structure of labor force focus on the local perspective,and always ignore the effect of industrial intelligence on the spatial allocation of labor force.Therefore,based on the perspective of labor migration,this paper incorporates the production function containing intelligent capital into the spatial equilibrium model,mathemically deduces the mechanism of industrial intelligence affecting the skill structure of labor force,and uses the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019 and the data of the International Federation of Robotics(IFR).This paper empirically tests the influence of industrial intelligence on the skill structure of labor force,and further expands and analyzes the mechanism.Theoretical and empirical studies show that:industrial intelligence can reshape the skill structure of labor force by affecting the spatial allocation of labor force,which is embodied in increasing the proportion of regional high-skilled labor force and reducing the proportion of regional low-skilled labor force.Industrial intelligence can produce skill premium effect,affect the income and location choice of skills-heterogeneous labor force,and then affect the skill structure of labor force.The cost of living plays a positive regulating role in improving the proportion of high-skilled labor force and reducing the proportion of low-skilled labor force,which further aggravates the differentiation of the skill structure of labor force.The research conclusion provides empirical evidence and policy enlightenment in order to deal with the impact of industrial intelligence on the labor market.

关 键 词：工业智能化 技能结构 技能溢价 生活成本 劳动力迁移 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济]