论丧葬流程与东汉帝陵的变制  

On the funeral process and institutional reform in Eastern Han imperial mausoleums

作　　者：朱津[1] 张馨予 ZHU Jin;ZHANG Xinyu

机构地区：[1]郑州大学考古与文化遗产学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中原文物》2024年第1期54-61,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“多卷本《中国古代陵寝制度史》”(项目编号:172DA216)阶段性成果;“2023年度河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划”(项目编号:2023GGJS015)的支持。

摘　　要：帝陵建制和丧葬流程是一种相辅相成的关系,二者在两汉之际均产生了重要的变化。汉武帝时期殡礼的程序转变明显,形成以即位皇帝为礼仪核心的制度,东汉时期得以定型。葬礼活动包括送葬和下葬两个环节,东汉天子送葬活动的重大变化体现在大驾卤簿的应用,地宫形制融合“横葬制墓”的埋葬形式,下葬程序随之产生了变化,包含皇帝大丧“三公入安梓宫”以及合葬仪式中“皇帝谒便房”的制度;根据东汉大丧下葬活动流程,帝陵陵前的柱网式建筑可能是文献中所载的“便殿”,其中所实施的“醴献”之礼是先秦时期“成葬祭墓”的流变。薄葬和重祭是两汉帝陵制度演进的主旋律,“上陵礼”的推行深受儒家生死观的影响,完成了帝陵建设理念由重视地下世界向生者世界的转化,更为强调丧祭活动的政治意义。The establishment of imperial mausoleums and the funeral process are interrelated,and both underwent significant changes during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.The funeral rituals during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han underwent notable transformations,forming a system with the reigning emperor at its core,which became standardized during the Eastern Han period.The funeral activities encompassed the procession and burial stages.The major changes in the Eastern Han imperial funeral procession can be observed in the utilization of the grand carriage and the integration of burial forms from the“transverse burial”tradition into the architectural design of underground palaces.This led to changes in the burial procedures,including the“Three Officials entering the Anzi Palace”during the grand funeral of the emperor and the protocol of the emperor visiting the“convenience chambers”during joint burial ceremonies.Based on the Eastern Han funeral process,the pillar-grid style architecture in front of the imperial mausoleum might correspond to the“convenience hall”mentioned in historical texts,and the ritual“li offerings”represents the evolution of burial rituals from the pre-Qin period.The themes of simplified burials and elaborate sacrifices dominated the evolution of imperial mausoleum systems during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.The implementation of the“Shangling Ceremony”was heavily influenced by Confucian ideology on life and death,representing a shift in the concept of imperial mausoleum construction from emphasizing the underworld to focusing on the world of the living.It also emphasized the political significance of funeral rites.

关 键 词：丧葬流程 东汉帝陵 生死观 制度变革 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234.2[历史地理—历史学] K892.22