基于时域波形特征认知的输电线路近端故障辨识与定位  

Identification and Location of Near-end Faults in Transmission Lines Based on Time-domain Waveform Characteristic Recognition

作　　者：张广斌[1] 陈柏宇 束洪春[1] 司大军 ZHANG Guangbin;CHEN Boyu;SHU Hongchun;SI Dajun(Faculty of Electric Power Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Electric Power Grid Planning and Construction Research Center of Yunnan Electric Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学电力工程学院,云南省昆明市650500 [2]云南电网有限责任公司电网规划建设研究中心,云南省昆明市650011

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2024年第5期146-156,共11页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51907085);云南省重大科技专项计划资助项目(202002AF080001)。

摘　　要：针对现有单端行波故障测距对近端故障存在测距盲区、双端行波故障测距对近端故障测距误差较大,无法满足工程需要的不足,提出基于波形特征认知的近端故障辨识与定位方法。首先,分析了线路故障行波传播规律,以固定分辨率显示波形。发现线路近端故障时,初始行波及其后续波形在长时窗整体宏观观测下呈堆叠缓变特征,而在短时窗局部放大观测下呈周期性变化特征,且周期与故障距离相关。不同线路的近端故障历史样本能统一作为参照基准为测距提供提示。进而提出基于波形密度和突变分布的近端故障辨识方法。最后,对辨识出的近端故障进行周期估计,利用近端故障与线长的无关性以及历史样本突变周期和故障位置已知性,搜索周期最近邻历史样本,并由已知故障距离插值实现故障位置确定。基于大量实测数据进行仿真测试,结果表明所提方法能够显著提升单端行波测距可靠性和成功率。In view of the shortcomings that the existing single-ended traveling wave fault location has a blind spot for near-end faults and the error of double-ended traveling wave fault location for near-end fault location is large,which can not meet the needs of engineering,a method for the identification and location of near-end faults based on waveform characteristic recognition is proposed.First,the traveling wave propagation rule of line faults is analyzed,and the waveform is displayed at a fixed resolution.It is found that when the fault is at the near-end,the initial traveling wave and its subsequent waveforms show the characteristics of stacked slow change under the overall macro-observation of the long-time window and the periodic change under the local zoomedin observation of the short-time window,and the period is related to the fault distance.The near-end fault history samples of different lines can be used as a unified reference to provide tips for fault location.Then,a near-end fault identification method is proposed based on waveform density and sudden change distribution.Finally,the periods of the identified near-end faults are estimated,using the independence of the near-end faults and the knowledge of the mutation period and fault location of the historical samples,the nearest historical samples of the period are searched and the fault location is determined by the known fault distance interpolation.Based on a large number of measured data,the results of simulation tests show that the proposed method can significantly improve the reliability and success rate of single-ended traveling wave location.

关 键 词：故障测距 近端故障 行波 突变周期 近邻搜索 像素密度分布 

分 类 号：TM75[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]