世界刑事诉讼的四次革命  

Four Revolutions in World Criminal Litigation

作　　者：冀祥德[1,2] Ji Xiangde

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第1期44-64,共21页China Legal Science

摘　　要：随着人类社会经济的逐步发展和社会分工的不断细化,刑事诉讼活动也开始了横向整合和纵向深入的演变过程。通过对大量的事实进行价值分析和规范衡量,可以发现在刑事诉讼制度的演进发展过程中,国家干预正逐步向社会自治过渡,世界范围内的刑事诉讼制度随之也经历了四次根本性转折:司法权与行政权的分离、控审分离、控辩平等、控辩合作。以“国家—社会”为基点,以分权制衡为工具进行观察,可以发现这四次革命在保障人权和惩罚犯罪的过程中,逐步实现正当性、均衡性与规范性,促进刑事司法权力和权利场域日臻善治,并不断实现保障人权和惩罚犯罪的平衡。With the gradual development of the human social economy and the continuous refnement of the social division of labor,criminal litigation activities have also begun a process of horizontal integration and vertical deepening.Through value analysis and normative measurement of a large number of facts,it can be found that in the evolution and development process of the criminal litigation system,state intervention is gradually transferring power to social autonomy,and the criminal litigation system worldwide has also undergone four fundamental turns,including the separation of judicial and administrative powers,the separation of prosecution and trial,and the structure of equality between prosecution and defense,as well as the transformation of the relationship between prosecution and defense from confrontation to cooperation and confrontation.Based on the concept of‘state and society’and using decentralization and checks and balances as a tool for observation,it can be found that these four revolutions have gradually achieved the division,adjustment,and infltration of legitimacy,balance,and standardization in the process of protecting human rights and punishing crimes,promoted the increasing governance of criminal judicial power and the construction of the field of rights,and continuously achieved a balance between protecting human rights and punishing crimes.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼 司法权行政权分离 控审分离 控辩平等 控辩合作 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]