段木灵芝子实体全生长阶段生物活性物质的动态变化  

Dynamic changes of bioactive substances at the whole basidioma growth stage of Ganoderma lingzhi cultivated on wood log

作　　者：李赛飞[1] 周俊 佟瑶 高启合 孙凤丹 王志春 席悦[1] 温雅[1] 张正高 LI Saifei;ZHOU Jun;TONG Yao;GAO Qihe;SUN Fengdan;WANG Zhichun;XI Yue;WEN Ya;ZHANG Zhenggao(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Anhui Huangshan Yunle Ganoderma Lucidum Co.,Ltd.,Jingde 242600,Anhui,China;Anhui Xiangyungu Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Jingde 242600,Anhui,China;Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]安徽黄山云乐灵芝有限公司,安徽旌德242600 [3]安徽祥云谷现代中药有限公司,安徽旌德242600 [4]北京农学院,北京100096

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第2期99-111,共13页Mycosystema

摘　　要：灵芝活性物质是灵芝发挥不同功效的物质基础,在灵芝生长过程中,活性物质的含量随子实体生长发生动态变化,影响着灵芝的品质及功效。段木栽培是灵芝2种主要栽培模式之一,子实体生长周期长、活性物质积累时间久,研究其生长阶段各活性物质的变化规律对原料的高效利用具有积极意义。目前,相关报道主要集中于多糖和三萜物质,对灵芝其他具有重要生物活性价值的成分关注较少,且涵盖的生长周期不够完整,对充分了解各物质的完整动态变化过程比较有限。本研究以段木灵芝子实体菌蕾期作为起点,孢子弹射结束作为终点,通过固定时间采样,共对子实体生长9个阶段、120 d内活性物质的动态变化规律进行了分析,总结如下:灵芝总多糖及12个三萜化合物总量均为菌蕾期最高,随生长快速下降,弹射孢子后期平稳;灵芝麦角甾醇含量菌蕾期最高,随生长快速下降,弹射孢子后期小幅上升;灵芝尿苷、尿嘧啶和灵芝水溶性蛋白/多肽的含量随子实体生长连续下降直至最低,灵芝腺苷则出现山峰状变化规律,峰尖出现在60 d即灵芝开始弹射孢子的阶段。子实体菌蕾期总抗氧化能力较弱,子实体生长后期总抗氧化能力较强。本研究阐明了段木灵芝子实体整个生长阶段主要活性物质含量及活性的动态变化规律,为指导段木灵芝子实体生产及高效开发利用提供了理论依据。Active substances of Ganoderma lingzhi are the material basis for the different functions of G.lingzhi.During the growth process of G.lingzhi,the content of active substances dynamically changes with the growth of basidiomata,and affects the quality and efficacy of G.lingzhi.Wood log cultivation is one of the two main cultivation modes of G.lingzhi,and the basidioma have a long growth cycle and accumulation time of active substances.Studying the changes of active substances during the growth stage has a positive significance for the efficient utilization of G.lingzhi materials.Currently,related reports have mainly focused on polysaccharides and triterpenoids,with little attention concerning other bioactive components of G.lingzhi,and the growth cycle covered was not complete enough.Therefore,there was limited understanding of the complete dynamic changes of each substance.This study analyzed the dynamic changes of active substances in the samples collected at scheduled time during nine stages of basidioma growth within 120 days from primordium formation stage to the end of sporulation.The summary is as follows:the content of total polysaccharides and twelve triterpenoid compounds in G.lingzhi was the highest in the primordium formation stage,rapidly decreased with growth,and became stable in the later stage of sporulation;the content of ergosterol was the highest during the primordium formation stage,rapidly decreased with growth,and slightly increased during the sporulation period;the content of uridine,uracil,and water-soluble protein/polypeptide continuously declined with the growth of basidiomata until the lowest,while adenosine changed undulately with the peak appearing in 60 days when G.lingzhi sporulation began.The total antioxidant capacity was weak during the primordium stage,and strong during the later stage of basidioma growth.This study elucidated the dynamic changes in the content and activity of the main active substances at the entire growth stage of G.lingzhi basidiomata,and provided a theoretical

关 键 词：多糖 三萜 麦角甾醇 核苷 蛋白 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S567.31[农业科学—中草药栽培]