“非同一性问题”的契约主义解决方法辨析  

Analysis of the Contractualist Solution to“Non-Identity Problem”

作　　者：李博 Li Bo

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2024年第1期148-162,200,共16页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：代际正义理论强调当代人有义务关注未来世代的生存处境。帕菲特提出的“非同一性问题”表明,责任主体作出选择后产生的不同结果会改变未来世代在数量和身份上的生存状态。在对非同一性问题的各种回应中,斯坎伦的契约主义解决方案以道德责任为核心,由责任主体依据非个人原则作出正当决定,并证明正当性原则的平等理由,比较合理地解释了非同一性问题中的错误生育案例。在解释污染政策案例时,斯坎伦的契约主义解决方案存在不合理之处,倘若人们通过五种条件限定评估伤害和责任的方法,政府政策可以具有合理的正当理由。The theory of intergenerational justice emphasizes that the present generation has the obligation to be concerned about the existence of future generations.The“non-identity problem”posed by Parfit suggests that different outcomes of choices made by responsible agents can change the existence of future generations in terms of numbers and identities.Among the various responses to the problem of non-identity,Scanlon’s contractualist solution,which centers on moral responsibility,with the responsible subject making justified decisions on the basis of the impersonal principle and justifying the principle of justification on the basis of equality,explains the problem of wrongful procreation in the problem of non-identity in a more reasonable way.When explaining pollution policy cases,there is an implausibility in Scanlon’s contractualist solution.Government policy can be reasonably justified if one qualifies the method of assessing harm and liability through five conditions.

关 键 词：非同一性问题 代际正义 契约主义 道德责任 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]