句法-形态接口视域下的“得”字结构研究  

A morphosyntactic study on de-constructions in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：汪昌松[1] WANG Changsong

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院/语言工程与认知计算工信部重点实验室,102488

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2024年第2期87-99,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“句法—形态接口视域下的汉语‘得’字结构的跨语言研究”(17BYY157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从方式状语修饰视角重新审视现代汉语中的“得”字结构,发现带“得”的可能补语句、结果补语句与状态补语句背后存在共通的方式状语修饰限制,文章从句法—形态接口对这三类结构作统一分析:将“得”分析为功能核心词,“得”是轻动词POTENTIAL,BE,BEC,CAUSE的具体实现形式,“得”和句中动词在句法—形态接口通过形态合并或外部形态合并的方式实现合并,旨在满足“得”的词缀特性;结果补语句和状态补语句中的动词实为动词词根,在句法层不存在,直至语音层才引入句中。句法—形态接口分析有助于解释“得”字结构中的动词使用受限问题。This article aims to explore the de-related potential,resultative and descriptive constructions in Mandarin Chinese from the perspective of manner adverbial modification.It is observed that these three constructions share the manner adverbial modification restriction.It is therefore proposed from a morphosyntactic perspective that de in these constructions can be analyzed as a functional head,denoting POTENTIAL,BE,BEC,or CAUSE;de and the verb V(R)are merged via(External)Morphological Merger to satisfy the affixal properties of de;the Vs in resultative de-sentences and descriptive de-sentences are verbal roots and they are not introduced into the derivation until at the PF.This morphosyntactic view helps to explain the manner adverbial modification restriction in de-constructions in Mandarin Chinese.

关 键 词：“得” 方式状语 词根 形态合并 外部形态合并 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]