轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度研究  

Research on the Conditional Non-prosecutionSystem for Misdemeanor Cases

作　　者：樊崇义[1] 徐歌旋 FAN Chong-yi;XU Ge-xuan(National Institute of Legal Aid,China University of Political and Law,Beijing 100080,China;School of Law,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国家法律援助研究院,北京100080 [2]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2024年第1期137-147,共11页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(编号:20ZDA032);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“认罪认罚从宽契约的规范适用及制度保障”(编号:23YJC820039);南京师范大学课程思政建设示范课程项目“刑事诉讼法”。

摘　　要：《刑事诉讼法》的修改须与轻罪立法以及犯罪结构的调整相协调,立法者应构建轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度并充分发挥其诉前分流作用。附条件不起诉制度普遍适用于轻罪案件,有助于彰显犯罪嫌疑人的主体性,激励犯罪嫌疑人复归社会以及优化司法资源配置。立法者设计轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度时,应当参考未成年人附条件不起诉制度的已有经验。《刑事诉讼法》应厘清轻罪案件附条件不起诉制度的适用范围,并以适用于3年有期徒刑以下轻罪案件为原则。附加条件应兼具惩罚性与教育性的双重特征并遵循比例原则。行为人可能被判处拘役的,考验期限为1年以下,但不能少于6个月;行为人可能被判处管制的,考验期限为2年以下,但不能少于6个月;行为人可能被判处有期徒刑的,考验期限为3年以下,但不能少于1年。Amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure need to be coordinated with legislation on misdemeanor and adjustments to the criminal structure,and legislators should give full play to the function of pre-charge diversion by establishing a system of conditional non-prosecution in misdemeanor cases.The system of conditional non-prosecution is generally applicable to misdemeanor cases,which helps to highlight the subjectivity of criminal suspects,motivate their reintegration into society and optimize the allocation of judicial resources.When designing the system of conditional non-prosecution in misdemeanor cases,legislators should refer to the experience of conditional non-prosecution in juvenile cases.The Criminal Procedure Law should clarify the scope of application of the system of conditional non-prosecution in misdemeanor cases,with the principle that it should be applied to misdemeanor cases involving less than three years'imprisonment.The additional conditions should be both punitive and educational in nature,and should follow the principle of proportionality.If the perpetrator may be sentenced to a criminal detention,the trial period shall be less than one year,but not less than six months;if the perpetrator may be sentenced to a public surveillance,the trial period shall be less than two years,but not less than six months;if the perpetrator may be sentenced to a term of imprisonment,the trial period shall be less than three years,but not less than one year.

关 键 词：附条件不起诉 轻罪治理 审前分流 相对不起诉 考验期 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]