基于大型底栖动物完整性指数与综合生物指数的水生态评价  

Ecological health assessment based on benthic macroinvertebrates index of biotic integrity and comprehensive biological index

作　　者：姚琦 黎明杰 麻林[3] 唐哲 朱熠 刘阳圆 蔡永久[2] 燕文明[1] 张又[1] 李宽意[2] YAO Qi;LI Ming-jie;MA Lin;TANG Zhe;ZHU Yi;LIU Yang-yuan;CAI Yong-jiu;YAN Wen-ming;ZHANG You;LI Kuan-yi(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Hunan Provincial Department of Water Resources,Changsha 410007,China;Hunan Provincial Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水灾防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]湖南省水利厅,湖南长沙410007 [4]湖南省水文水资源勘测中心,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第3期1476-1486,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2021000-37,XSKJ2021000-06);水灾害防御全国重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金(2021491711);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所青年科学家小组项目(2021NIGLAS-CJH01)。

摘　　要：针对不同流域部分生物指数评价标准并不统一的问题,利用熵权法构建综合生物指数(CBI)统一模糊评价标准,同时计算底栖动物完整性指数进行评价结果验证.以2021年秋季和2022年春季东洞庭湖10个监测点的数据为基础,通过对25个候选参数逐步筛选,选出M3(软体动物分类单元数)、M9(耐污类群相对丰度)、M13(BI指数)和M22(Shannon-Wiener指数)4个秋季核心参数以及M6(摇蚊个体相对丰度)、M13、M16(BPI指数)和M24(Margalef指数)4个春季核心参数,采用比值法统一量纲后累加计算底栖动物完整性指数,再对BPI、FBI、Shannon-Wiener、BMWP指数客观定权后计算CBI指数划分出5个状态进行对比,结果表明:B-IBI指数和CBI指数均得出靠近出湖河道点位较为健康,湖体点位多为一般和较差,整体秋季健康状况略好于春季,六门闸附近为极差状态,可能是因为该区域是东洞庭湖的闸口之一,常年关闭导致水体流动性较差,开闸放水后沉积物中的淤泥会释放污染物使得湖区总氮超标,进而影响了大型底栖动物的完整性.CBI指数与B-IBI指数以及COD_(Mn)、TLI(∑)指数等相关分析结果良好,表明利用综合生物指数和底栖动物完整性指数结合能为东洞庭湖的水生态健康评价提供参考.Aiming at the problem that non-uniform evaluations standards of some biological indices in different basins,a new approach based on fuzzy evaluation was proposed to use the entropy-weighted comprehensive biological index for unifying evaluation standards,and to develop a benthic index of biotic integrity to verify the evaluation results.According to the benthic macroinvertebrates data collected from 10monitoring sites in autumn 2021 and spring 2022,four core parameters including M3(number of Mollusca taxon),M9(relative abundance of pollution-resistant taxa),M13(BI)and M22(Shannon-Wiener)in autumn,and M6(relative abundance of Chironomidae individuals),M13,M16(BPI)and M24(Margalef)in spring were selected from 25 candidate parameters.These core parameters were unified the dimension by ratio method,then summed up to carry out the B-IBI assessment.Besides,this study weighted the BPI,FBI,Shannon-Wiener and BMWP indices objectively to build the CBI,and divided it into five evaluation levels with five equal parts.The results of the two methods showed that the outflowing sites near the river channel were in relatively healthy status.Most of the lake sites are average general and poor,with the health condition in autumn better than that in spring,and the site Liumenzha was in unhealthy status mainly due to low connectivity.After opening the gate near Liumenzha site to release water,the sludge in the sediment may release pollutants,causing the total nitrogen in the lake to exceed the reference standard value,which affected the integrity of the benthic macroinvertebrates.The results of correlation analysis showed that the CBI index and B-IBI,COD_(Mn)and TLI(Σ)index matched well,indicating that the application of multiple indices would provide a comprehensive evaluation of the aquatic ecological health in the East Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 生物完整性指数 熵权法 水生态健康 东洞庭湖 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]