历史唯物主义语境中的精神政治学批判  

Critique of Psycho-politics in the Context of Historical Materialism

作　　者：袁立国[1] YUAN Liguo(Center for Fundamentals of Philosophy&School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期43-54,共12页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“历史唯物主义语境中的‘精神政治学批判’研究”(21XZX009)。

摘　　要：在理论谱系上,韩炳哲的“精神政治学”思想承接福柯的“生命政治学”,生命政治学是表达工业资本主义治理的概念,精神政治学则是当前数字化资本主义的治理技术。精神政治学发明了“情感工业”“功绩社会”“自我剥削”三大治理手段,使资本主义实现更深层的社会控制与剥削。但韩炳哲对精神政治学的批判,没有为走出资本主义提供现实性的方案,他反倒认为革命在今天是不可能的。借助于詹明信的“认知测绘”视角,可见韩炳哲的革命悲观意识缘于其“批判”缺少严格的认识论维度,致使其深陷新自由主义的意识形态迷雾,无法划定出重建主体性及其与社会整体之间关系的正确方向。而鉴于“认知测绘”被詹明信归结为一种美学批判或文化政治的策略,其理论仍然具有乌托邦性质。为此,回到马克思主义的生产范式,以“认知测绘”重建历史唯物主义的批判方法,反思精神政治学批判的局限性,不失为一条可以尝试的道路。In the theoretical spectrum,Byung-chul Han's"psycho-politics"is inherited from Michel Foucault's"biopolitics"that is the concept of expressing industrial capitalist governance,while psycho-politics is the current governance technology of digital capitalism.Psycho-politics invented the three major governance methods of"emotional industry","achievement society",and"self-exploitation",enabling capitalism to achieve deeper social control and exploitation.But Byung-chul Han's critique of psycho-politics does not provide a realistic solution for stepping out of capitalism;instead,he argues that revolution is impossible today.With the help of Fredrich Jameson's"cognitive mapping"perspective,we can see that Byung-chul Han's revolutionary pessimism consciousness is due to the lack of strict epistemological dimension in his"criticism",which makes him deeply trapped in the ideological fog of neoliberalism,and thus unable to draw the correct direction of rebuilding subjectivity and its relationship with the whole society.However,given that"cognitive mapping"is categorized by Jameson as an aesthetic critique or cultural and political strategy,his theory still has a utopian character.Therefore,returning to the production paradigm of Marxism,reconstructing the critical method of historical materialism with"cognitive mapping"and reflecting on the limitations of the critique of psycho-politics is a way to try.

关 键 词：精神政治学 历史唯物主义 认知测绘 福柯 韩炳哲 詹明信 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]