从先秦史官职能看《老子》的箴言体特征  

The Aphoristic Characters of Laozi from the Function of Historian in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

作　　者：张洪兴[1] ZHANG Hong-xing(College of Arts,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“先秦道家流派生成及文体特征研究”(项目编号:15BZW056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：老子乃“周守藏室之史”,其史职特征奠定了《老子》写作的基础。在先秦众多的实用类文体中,箴句式整饬,声调和谐,是极具训诫性、经验性等特征的权威性文体,《老子》八十一章具有箴言体特征。从形式上说,《老子》箴言以四言、三言为主,多用韵语,借礼乐、《诗》乐之“势”,以庄重凝练之语自重其道;从内容上说,老子经常引用、借用已有的箴言,又大量自作箴言,包括以道之名作箴言、以圣人之名作箴言、以侯王之名作箴言、以“上者”口吻作箴言等四种形式。《老子》箴言体的表达形式,与其思想内容相得益彰,极大地增强了老子思想的传播力,使《老子》在后世成为道家、道教的经典,成为中华民族文化品格的重要组成部分。Laozi is“the historian in the collection room of Zhou dynasty”,and his historical function has laid the foundation for his writing.Among numerous practical genres in the pre-Qin dynasty,proverbs,with its neat syntax and harmonious tones,is an authoritative genre with great characteristics of exhortation and experi-mentation.With 81 chapters included,Laozi are all proverbs.The basic characteristics of Laozi can be divided into two parts.Formally,the aphorisms in Laozi are in four or three characters,mostly in rhyme,borrowing the“momentum”of music and The Book of Songs in order to dignify its way with solemn and condensed words.In content,he often quoted and borrowed from existing aphorisms,and also made a lot of his own aphorisms,in-cluding those in the name of the Tao,in the name of sages,in the name of kings,and by the“superior”.The ex-pression and aphoristic form of the Laozi complemented its ideological content,which has enhanced the dissemi-nation of Laozi’s ideas,making it a Taoism classic in later generations and an important component of the cul-tural character of China.

关 键 词：史官 《老子》 箴言体 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]