日本家庭教育支援立法模式研究及启示  

Research and Enlightenment on the Family Education Support Legislative Model in Japan

作　　者：李兰欣 Li Lanxin(School of Foreign Affairs and Law,Gansu University of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学涉外法治学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第5期134-138,153,共6页Journal of Western

基　　金：甘肃政法大学2023年度研究生科研创新项目“日本家庭教育支援法律法规研究及立法建议”(编号:2023026);甘肃政法大学2022年校级教学改革项目“疫情背景下国内主流线上平台的教学功能适用性研究”(编号:GZJG2022-B10)有关成果。

摘　　要：二十世纪六十年代日本核家庭化的加剧导致家庭教育成效下降,青少年犯罪的激增和虐童事件的增加,迫使日本政府强势介入家庭教育,先后修订《教育基本法》和《社会教育法》,明确家庭教育的概念和责任框架,使家庭教育支援得到法治保障。随后,日本九县六市对国家层面的法律加以细化,因地制宜出台家庭教育支援条例,形成了“国家统领,地方具化”的家庭教育支援立法模式,具有层次分明、衔接紧密、突出地方特色的优点,但因缺少国家层面的专门立法,存在挤占立法资源和地方立法同质化的问题。我国《家庭教育促进法》可借鉴日本的经验进行完善,构建多层次的家庭教育支援法律体系,健全家庭教育工作的经费保障机制,建立家庭教育指导服务机构。In the 1960s,the intensification of nuclear family in Japan led to a decline in the effectiveness of family education,a surge in juvenile crimes and an increase in child abuse incidents,forcing the Japanese government to strongly intervene in family education.The Basic Law of Education and the Social Education Law were amended successively to clarify the concept and responsibility framework of family education,so that family education support could be guaranteed by law.Subsequently,nine prefectures and six cities in Japan refined the laws at the national level and issued family education support regulations according to local conditions,forming a family education support legislative model of“national leadership,local characteristics”,which has the advantages of clear hierarchy,close cohesion and highlighting local characteristics.However,due to the lack of legislation at the national level,it also brings the problem of crowding out legislative resources and homogenization of local legislation.Family Education Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China may learn from Japan’s previous experience to further improve,build a multi-level family education support legal system,improve the fund guarantee mechanism for family education work,and establish a special family education guidance service agency.

关 键 词：日本 家庭教育支援 立法模式 启示 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学] D97[文化科学—教育学] G78