国际转会纠纷中职业足球工作合同认定研究  

Study on the Identification of Professional Football Contracts in International Transfer Disputes

作　　者：梁婧 周青山[2] LIANG Jing;ZHOU Qingshan(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei China;Law School,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2023年第12期18-29,共12页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国际体育法学基本理论体系构建研究”(项目编号:23BFX150)。

摘　　要：判断球员与俱乐部所签署合同之性质,是体育纠纷解决机构审理职业足球国际转会纠纷案件时的首要任务。争议合同被认定为预约合同而非职业足球工作合同的,违约不构成无正当理由解除合同。因认定预约合同存在障碍,国际足联争议解决委员会和国际体育仲裁院建立了由当事人姓名、双方角色、劳动期限、球员薪酬和当事人签字5项基本要件组成的职业足球工作合同认定标准,具备所有要件的合同即为职业足球工作合同。职业足球工作合同认定标准展现了体育纠纷解决机构维护合同稳定性的决心,也增加了当事人真实意思被误解的风险。根据对已有案例的分析,国际体育仲裁院的职业足球工作合同认定标准更注重对当事人真实意思的考察,在承认预约合同、减轻违约责任方面具有重要意义。为了更好地参与国际转会活动,中国职业足球俱乐部应加强对职业足球工作合同认定标准内容与适用的学习以制定不同的辩护策略,注重预约合同条款的措辞表述,并积极参与仲裁听证以维护自身合法权益。Determining the nature of the contract between a professional player and a club is the first task for the sports dispute resolution institutions when hearing contractual disputes over international transfer within the scope of football.If the disputed contract is found to be a pre-contract rather than a professional football contract,the breach of this contract does not constitute the termination of a contract without justifiable reasons.Due to the obsta⁃cles to the classification of pre-contracts,the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber and the Court of Arbitration for Sports have established the professional football contract identification criterion which consists of five essential ele⁃ments:the names of the parties,their roles,the duration of the employment,the remuneration and the signatures of the parties.Contracts that include all of these elements are considered to be professional football contracts.The criterion for identifying professional football contracts demonstrates the determination of sports dispute resolution institutions to maintain contractual stability,and also increases the risk of misinterpretation of the parties’true in⁃tentions.According to the analysis of existing cases,the criterion applied by the Court of Arbitration for Sports pays more attention to the elucidation of the intention of the parties,which is of great significance in recognizing pre-contracts and mitigating the liability for breach of contract.For better participation in international transfer ac⁃tivities,Chinese football clubs should enhance their study of the content and application of the criterion of identifi⁃cation for professional football contracts to formulate different defense strategies,pay attention to the wording of clauses in pre-contracts,and actively participate in arbitration hearings in order to defend their legitimate interests.

关 键 词：职业足球 国际转会合同纠纷 劳动合同 预约合同 认定标准 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]