企业裂变式发展过程的质性元分析研究  

A Qualitative Meta-analysis Study on the Development Process of Corporate Spin-off

作　　者：王凤彬[1,2] 杨京雨 Wang Fengbin;Yang Jingyu(School of Business,Renmin University of China;Center for Management Philosophy and Organizational Ecosystem,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学商学院 [2]中国人民大学企业管理哲学与组织生态研究中心

出　　处：《管理世界》2024年第3期180-204,共25页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国企业裂变式发展重大问题研究”(基金号:21&ZD136)的资助。

摘　　要：企业裂变作为一种与并购“相逆”的过程,表面上会导致母体企业规模收缩,实则可以在由母体裂变出新企业中取得持续发展之效。裂变作为一种具备长期性和整体性特征的发展战略,为商界提供了新企业建立的一种组织变革新方式。企业如何根据不同情境特征选择相应的裂变方式以实现长期发展?其典型模式有哪些,相应的过程机制如何?本文以国内外企业裂变式发展的45篇案例文献作为研究样本,使用质性元分析法,经由文献资料摘录、编码和归类3个步骤构建出“前因—过程—结果”分析框架,系统地分析了企业资源与机会二元交互的战略决策情境及其引发的裂变式发展过程对特定创新结果的影响,由此提炼出企业裂变式发展的3种主要模式,即平台孵化型裂变、集群共生型裂变和离职创业型裂变,进而识别出母体与裂变体之间在结构重整、资源重组、身份重塑、能力重建和关系重构5个维度的动态变化。不同的企业裂变式发展模式通过各具特色的过程机制激发了不同类型的创新,这一战略结果源自于多重因素的综合作用。研究结论对推动企业裂变式发展理论深化与管理实践具有启发价值。Corporate spin-off,as a process of organizational change that is"reverse"to merger and acquisition,seems to lead to the shrinkage of the parent company but may promote sustainable development from the growth of new firms born from the parent.As a long-term and holistic development strategy,spin-off provides the business community with a new way of organizational change for the establishment of new enterprises.How can enterprises choose appropriate spin-off methods fitting to distinct contexts to achieve long-term and sustainable development?What are the typical patterns and the corresponding process mechanisms underlying the spin-off development?Based on the 45 initial case studies on spinning-offs at home and abroad,this paper uses a qualitative meta-analysis method to construct an antecedent-process-conclusion framework through literature extraction,coding and classification.This paper systematizes the opportunities-resources interaction as the contexts in strategic decision-making,and the influence of corporate spin-off development process it triggered on the specific outcome of innovation.Three distinct models are extracted that are named as platform-incubating spin-off,cluster-symbiotic spin-off and former employee's entrepreneuring spin-off.Under each model or pattern of development,the dynamics between parent and spin-offs are found to be reflected by the changes on such five dimensions as structure reformed,resources reconfigured,identity reshaped,capabilities reconstructed,and relationships rearranged.Different types of innovation behavior are activated through the distinctive process mechanisms in different patterns of development from spinning-off,which represents a conjoint effect of multiple factors.This study provides significant implications and guidance to the theoretical deliberation and management practice of corporate spin-off development.

关 键 词：裂变式发展 机会与资源 质性元分析 过程机制 战略创业 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]