沈阳市O_(3)与PM_(2.5)关系及污染主控因素分析  

Analysis of the Relationship between O_(3) and PM_(2.5) and the Main Factors Controlling Air Pollution in Shenyang

作　　者：洪也[1] 马雁军[1] 苏枞枞 王扬锋[1] 任万辉 王继康 王东东 徐晓斌[4] HONG Ye;MA Yanjun;SU Congcong;WANG Yangfeng;REN Wanhui;WANG Jikang;WANG Dongdong;XU Xiaobin(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110016,China;Shenyang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110000,China;National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration,China Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing,100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]辽宁省沈阳生态环境监测中心,辽宁沈阳110000 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]中国气象科学研究院,中国气象局大气化学重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第3期455-468,共14页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省气象局科学技术研究项目(No.202306);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所项目(No.2021SYIAESZD2);中国气象局重点预测核心业务发展项目(No.CMAHX20160307)。

摘　　要：PM_(2.5)与O_(3)的协同控制是空气质量持续改善的关键所在,厘清PM_(2.5)与O_(3)的关系,识别O_(3)主控因素以及量化气象和人为排放贡献是实施二者协同控制的基础.本研究基于沈阳市大气复合立体超级站2019−2022年地面观测数据,分析PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同关系及成因;利用逐步回归模型得到影响O_(3)变化的主控因素,并估算各气象因素对O_(3)的贡献.结果表明:①沈阳市2019−2022年夏季PM_(2.5)浓度与O_(3)浓度呈正相关,有明显的协同增长效应,其余三季均呈明显负相关.究其原因,主要是由于夏季高温和高太阳辐射条件利于大气光化学反应,促进了O_(3)、PM_(2.5)中二次无机成分〔主要是硫酸盐(SO_(4)^(2−))、硝酸盐(NO_(3)−)和铵盐(NH_(4)^(+)),简称“SNA”〕共同增长所致;而冬季高排放和高大气稳定度等气象条件利于SNA和二次有机碳(SOC)非均相生成,但弱太阳辐射和低温等条件不利于O_(3)光化学生成,加之高NO的滴定效应,使SNA和SOC浓度均与O_(3)浓度呈负相关.②在观测的相关污染物和气象因子中,过氧乙酰硝酸酯(PAN)与O_(3)浓度的关系最为密切,尤其在夏季.③气象因素中,O_(3)浓度与气温高度相关,与风速也呈正相关,而与相对湿度则在各季节均呈负相关.冬、春、秋三季PM_(2.5)均对O_(3)起抑制作用,冬季尤为突出.在高浓度O_(3)污染(O_(3)浓度>160μg/m^(3))过程中,主控因素中气温和风速的抬升促进O_(3)浓度升高,而高NO2和相对湿度(RH)则有利于降低O_(3)浓度.在2019−2022年高浓度O_(3)污染过程中,气象因素对沈阳市O_(3)浓度变化的贡献高于O_(3)前体物排放的贡献,总贡献为57μg/m^(3),对污染形成起着主导作用.Simultaneous control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)is the key to continuous improvements in air quality.Clarifying the relationship between PM_(2.5)and O_(3),identifying the main factors controlling O_(3)concentrations,and quantifying the contributions of meteorological and anthropogenic emissions is critical for the simultaneous control of both pollutants.Based on ground observation data from Shenyang Atmospheric Combined Pollution 3D Monitoring Super Station from 2019 to 2022,the causes of the synergistic relationship between PM_(2.5)and O_(3)were determined.The main factors controlling the changes in the O_(3)concentration were identified and the contribution of meteorological factors were estimated using a stepwise regression model.The results showed that:(1)The PM_(2.5)concentration was positively correlated with the O_(3)concentration in the summers of 2019 to 2022 in Shenyang,with a significant synergistic effect,but it was negatively correlated with the O_(3)concentration in the other three seasons.This may be due to the high temperature and high radiation conditions in summer facilitating atmospheric photochemical reactions,which resulted in the increased formation of O_(3)and secondary inorganic particles in PM_(2.5),mainly sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)−),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),abbreviated as SNA.High emissions and suitable meteorological conditions(e.g.,strong atmospheric stability)in winter were favorable for the heterogeneous formation of SNA and secondary organic carbon(SOC).In addition to the strong NO titration effect,the low levels of solar radiation and low temperatures were not conducive to the photochemical formation of O_(3),resulting in a negative correlation between both SNA and SOC concentrations and the O_(3)concentration.(2)Among the observed pollutants and meteorological factors,peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)was most closely related to the O_(3)concentration,especially in summer.(3)Among the meteorological factors,temperature was strongly correlated with the O_(3)concentration,which was po

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) O_(3) PM_(2.5)与O_(3)协同作用 气象因素 逐步回归模型 

分 类 号：X1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]