粮食类新型农业经营主体可持续运营的理论逻辑与现实困境  

The theoretical logic and realistic dilemma of sustainable operation for new agricultural business entities in China

作　　者：牛文涛 尚雯雯 NIU Wentao;SHANG Wenwen(School of Management,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;School of Tourism and Exhibition,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学管理学院,河南郑州450001 [2]河南财经政法大学旅游与会展学院,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《资源开发与市场》2024年第3期427-436,共10页Resource Development & Market

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(编号:2021BJJ093);河南省高校哲学社会科学应用研究重大项目(编号:2023YYZD22);河南省高校哲学社会科学创新人才资助项目(编号:2024CXRC03);郑州大学人文社科优秀青年科研团队资助项目(编号:2023-QNTD-02)。

摘　　要：以河南省滑县和延津县为观察对象,构建新型农业经营主体运营过程的理论框架,对粮食类新型农业经营主体可持续运营的理论逻辑与现实困境进行讨论,揭示粮食类新型农业经营主体可持续运营的内在工作机理。结果表明:①粮食类新型农业经营主体的培育和壮大是劳动力、土地、资本和组织等多要素共同支撑下的系统演化过程,而其可持续运营则依赖于关键要素的持续供给和要素结构的不断优化。②由于口头契约的有限约束、“熟人交易”的选择偏好和利益联结机制的相对缺失,小农户等土地流转主体存在主动违约的道德风险,粮食类新型农业经营主体规模化运营所需的“可持续土地供给”呈现显著不确定性。③农村土地抵押权的“受限性”,以及农业经营资产抵押价值的低廉化和农业经营活动的高风险,引致了外部资本的主动参与意愿相对不足,粮食类新型农业经营主体普遍面临较为严峻的信贷供给约束。同时异地人才流入、本土人才回流和传统农户转型的外部激励不足,则引致了粮食类新型农业经营主体“组织化”和“法人化”运营所需“关键人才”的供给困境。By constructing a theoretical framework for the operation process of new agricultural business entities(NABE),and taking Hua County and Yanjin County in Henan Province as the observation objects,this paper discussed the theoretical logic and realistic dilemma of the sustainable operation of the NABE,so as to reveal the internal working mechanism of sustainable operation for the NABE in China.The main conclusions were as follows:①The cultivation and expansion of NABE was an evolutionary process supported by multiple factors such as labor force,land,capital and organization,while its sustainable operation depends on the continuous supply of key factors and the continuous optimization of factor structure.②Considering the insufficient constraints in oral contracts,the preference for“acquaintance transaction”and the relative lack of interest connection mechanism,the subject of land transfer such as small farmers had the moral hazard of active breach of contract,leading to significant uncertainty of the“sustainable land supply”required by the large-scale operation of the NABE.③The“limitation”of rural land mortgage,the low mortgage value of agricultural management assets and the high risk of agricultural management activities leaded to the relative lack of active participation of external capital,and the NABE was generally faced with severe constraints on credit supply.At the same time,the external incentives provided for the inflow of talents from other places,the return of local talents and the transformation of traditional farmers were relatively insufficient,which leaded to the supply dilemma of“key talents”needed by the“organized”and“legalized”operation of the NABE.

关 键 词：新型农业经营主体 可持续运营 理论逻辑 现实困境 

分 类 号：F302[经济管理—产业经济]