“权”观念与帝制中国“大义灭亲”案件的处置  

The Notion"Power"and the Handling of"Kinship-free Justice"in Feudal China

作　　者：李启成[1,2] LI Qicheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院 [2]北京大学近代法研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期88-118,共31页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《资治通鉴》中的政法理论与实践研究”(21BFX003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：帝制中国始终有大义灭亲事件,但都被视为一时一事不得已之“权”。儒家强调“权”之用,必须在更高层次上合于经,反对以诈行权,但行权主体要求过高、范围不明确,操作性较欠缺。法家则大力提倡权术,变阴谋为阳谋而广泛应用之。随着君权强化,大义几等同于臣民对君之“忠”,经法家权诈观推波助澜,儒家经权论有时充当文饰之具,君臣所实施的“大义灭亲”行为,有滑向“大利灭亲”的趋势。尽管如此,儒家经权论植根于人之心性,尚在持续发生约束作用,“大义灭亲”在整个帝制中国都未完全正当化。In feudal China there were cases of"kinship-free justice",which used to be regarded as usage of"power"unavoidably.Confucianism stressed the use of"power"according to doctrines at a high level instead of that deceivably,but seemed weak in operation due to an excessive demand of power-enacting subject and an unclear scope.The Legalists advocated the operation of power while opposing conspiracy.With the emphasis on monarchy power,the so-called justice was merely tantamount to the"loyalty"of subjects to the monarchy,and along with the Legalists′work the Confucian operation of power sometimes acted as decorations and the jointly-implemented"kinship-free justice"by the monarchy and subjects tended to move towards"kinship-free interest".Nevertheless,the Confucian operation of power was rooted in human heart and temperament and kept acting its restraining role though the"kinship-free justice"was not totally normalized throughout feudal China.

关 键 词：帝制中国 大义灭亲 大利灭亲 经权 权术 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]