2种水运仪象台枢轮复原方案的受力分析  

Force analysis of two reconstruction schemes of the driving wheel in Su Song's astronomical clock-tower

作　　者：徐思源 王禹衡 唐晓强[2] 王哲然 XU Siyuan;WANG Yuheng;TANG Xiaoqiang;WANG Zheran(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084 [2]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期545-551,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：唐仲英基金会“苏颂水运仪象台复原”项目。

摘　　要：枢轮是水运仪象台复原研究中的难点,根据受水壶是否可以独立于枢轮转动,形成了“翻斗”与“定斗”2种复原方案。一方面,2种方案都会不可避免地出现与原文违背之处。因此,与原文是否符合已不适合作为评价复原方案优劣的唯一标准,而新的复原模型也不能只是简单地遵从其中某一种方案进行制作。另一方面,对博物馆展览而言,模型能否长期稳定运行,是选择方案时的重要考量因素。因此,该文通过建模和计算,得到了2种方案中各部件的受力数据。结果表明:“定斗”方案中的枢轮和左天锁等关键部件承受的冲击小于“翻斗”方案。新的复原模型可以在吸纳定斗方案这一优点的基础上进行制作。[Objective]The driving wheel is a challenge during the reconstruction of Su Song's astronomical clock-tower.Two approaches,the"flip-scoop"and"fixed-scoop"methods,have been identified based on whether the scoop can turn independently.Recent research reports that both options are inevitably inconsistent with the original text,indicating that conformity with the original text is no longer the only criterion for evaluating the merits of these approaches.Therefore,future models should not solely follow these options.New schemes can be designed by learning from their advantages while addressing their shortcomings and components that do not match the original text.Additionally,for museum exhibitions,long-term model stability is crucial.The force data of key components exactly determine the overall stability of the whole model.Therefore,in this study,the force data of some key components in the two schemes are obtained by constructing models in the software and calculations,which will provide valuable references for the reconstruction process.[Methods] This study establishes two models in the software based on the"flip-scoop"and"fixed-scoop"methods according to the original size in Song Dynasty.The force data between the forward upper lock and the driving wheel are calculated using the laws of a rigid body in rotational motion.Subsequently,the pressure between the forward upper lock and the driving wheel is analyzed.[Results]The results revealed that the force between the forward upper lock and the driving wheel was nearly three times higher in the"flip-scoop"model compared with the"fixed-scoop"model.The reason for this disparity was the different structural characteristics between the two schemes.The"fixed-scoop"model incorporated buffering components that reduced the rotation speed of the driving wheel and thus weaken the force between the forward upper lock and the driving wheel.However,the"flip-scoop"model lacked components to help achieve similar effects.More critically,while the driving wheel periodically struck th

关 键 词：水运仪象台 枢轮 复原 受力分析 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]