职业社会学视域下中国补习讲师的“入市”与“出市”  

The Marketing and Demarketing of Tutors in Tutorial Centers in China Under the Perspective of the Sociology of Professions

作　　者：潘冬冬 周忆粟 PAN Dong-dong;ZHOU Yi-su

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院 [2]珠海澳大科技研究院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第3期62-72,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目(CFA220312)——“双减”背景下学科类家教的治理路径研究。

摘　　要：基于职业与权力中控制生产—消费关系的国家、市场与共同体三个主体构成的理论框架,对中国补习讲师的发展演变进行了职业社会学考察。围绕着作为消费者的家长和学生的教育需求的界定及这种需求的满足方式,国家、市场和共同体之间展现出了复杂的矛盾和冲突。在“强政府”的国情下,国家逻辑实现了对市场逐利逻辑和共同体专业逻辑的压制。强有力的中央政府通过调解式控制从根本上重构了教育生态,重新界定了家长和学生的教育需求,并将此种需求的满足方式从市场化的补习行业和补习讲师转移到了公共性的学校教育和学校教师,同时通过“营转非”最大程度地实现了补习行业的去市场化。由此,中国的补习讲师呈现出从“入市”到“出市”的演变。Based on the theoretical framework of the three main subjects of professions and power that control the production-consumption relationship—the state,market and community,this paper analyzes the evolution of tutors in tutorial centers in China from the perspective of the sociology of professions.On the definition of the educational needs of parents and students as consumers and the manner to meet such needs,complex contradictions and conflicts have emerged between the state,market and community.Under the“strong state”,the logic of the state achieves the suppression of the for-profit logic of the market and the professionalization logic of the community.The strong central government has fundamentally reconstructed the education ecosystem through the mediative control.It redefines the educational needs of parents and students,and shifts the manner to meet such needs from the market-oriented tutoring industry and tutors to public school education and schoolteachers.At the same time,it has maximized the de-marketization of the tutoring industry by requiring for-profit tutorial centers to re-register as not-for-profit organizations.Accordingly,tutors in China show an evolution from marketing to demarketing.

关 键 词：补习讲师 职业社会学 教育需求 “双减” 职业专业化 

分 类 号：G636[文化科学—教育学]