有效辩护原则的实践样态与制度完善——以审判阶段无罪判决为例  

Practice Modality and Institutional Improvement of the Principle of Effective Defense——A Case Study of Not-guilty Defense in the Trial Stage

作　　者：胡铭[1] 楼梦琳 HU Ming;LOU Meng-lin(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2024年第1期128-136,共9页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：促进有效辩护是未来辩护制度发展的重要方向,提高无罪辩护的有效性是不可或缺的一环。基于裁判文书的经验研究显示,审判阶段的无罪辩护面临着受辩护主体制约、辩护模式僵化、辩护意见采信难等现实问题,与理想的有效辩护之间存在较大的差距。其背后可能的原因是,无罪辩护的动力不足,辩护律师的调查取证能力弱,法庭举证、质证环节流于表面,无罪辩护意见的沟通与反馈渠道受阻等。在以审判为中心的司法体制改革的大背景下,提高无罪辩护的质量应遵循有效辩护原则,一方面,通过增强内部动力、消除外部阻力的方式提高无罪辩护的意愿;另一方面,前移无罪辩护的介入时间,充分发挥法官在庭审过程中的引导与反馈作用,并辅之以完善的无罪辩护有效性评价体系与激励机制。Promoting effective defense is an important direction for the development of the defense system in the future,of which improving the effectiveness of not-guilty defense is an indispensable part.Based on the empirical research of judgment documents,the not-guilty defense in the trial stage is faced with practical problems,such as being restricted by the defense subject,rigid defense mode,and difficulty in adopting defense opinions,and there is a deep gap from the ideal effective defense.The possible underlining causes may include the lack of motivation for not-guilty defense,incompetence of defense lawyers to investigate and collect evidence,superficial process of presenting and debating evidence in the court,and the obstruction of the communication and feedback channels for the opinions of the not-guilty defense.In the context of the trial-centered judicial system reform,the principle of effective defense should be followed to improve the quality of not-guilty defense.On the one hand,by enhancing internal motivation and eliminating external resistance,the willingness of not-guilty defense can be raised;on the other hand,we can also move forward the intervention time of not-guilty defense,give full play to the role of judges in the process of guidance and feedback in the trial process,and support the process with well-functioning evaluation system and incentive mechanism for the effectiveness of not-guilty defense.

关 键 词：有效辩护 无罪判决 调查取证 法庭质证 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]