个体与集体时间自我评价:来自行为和ERP的证据  

Individual and collective temporal self-evaluation:Evidence from behavior and ERP

作　　者：张锋[1] 皮瑜 李小保 ZHANG Feng;PI Yu;LI Xiaobao(Institute of Psychology and Behavior,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学心理与行为研究所,开封475004

出　　处：《心理学报》2024年第4期447-457,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BSH112)资助。

摘　　要：运用事件相关电位技术和时间自我参照任务,通过两个系列实验探讨了大学生的个体时间自我评价和集体时间自我评价。结果显示,被试采用更多积极词、更少消极词来评价过去、现在和未来的个体自我和集体自我,个体自我评价在过去、现在和未来维度上存在积极递增效应;个体自我和集体自我在过去和现在维度上的消极词比积极词诱发了更大LPC波幅,而未来维度上的积极词和消极词之间的LPC波幅无显著差异。这表明,中国大学生的个体时间自我评价和集体时间自我评价均具有跨时间的积极偏向。而且,个体与集体时间自我评价在神经生理水平上都存在负偏向效应。因此,中国大学生的集体时间自我评价与个体时间自我评价具有相似的认知神经特点,在一定程度上为依存型自我建构理论提供了支持证据。Both behavioral and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated the future positive bias of individual temporal self-evaluation.However,the characteristic of collective temporal self-evaluation is still an open question.The present study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences between individual and collective temporal self-evaluation using a temporal self-reference paradigm among Chinese undergraduates.In comparison to Westerners,Chinese are more unified in their self-concept,and their temporal self contains more social,relational,and family selves in the context of collectivist culture.Therefore,it was assumed that the collective temporal self-evaluation might be highly similar to individual temporal self-evaluation across time,according to interdependent self-construal theory.The present study adopted a 3(time dimension)×2(reference object)×2(valence)within-subjects design and employed an event-related potential(ERP)technique to explore the individual and collective temporal self-evaluation using two experiments.Brain electrical activity was recorded from 64 scalp sites using tin electrodes mounted in an elastic cap according to the international 10-20 system,and late positive components(LPC)were used as the EEG indicators because LPC was closely related to temporal self-evaluation.In Experiment 1,30 Chinese undergraduates were recruited,and they were asked to evaluate their and Zhangsan’s past self,present self,and future self(“Zhangsan”was often referred to the name of an ordinary person in China),using positive and negative personality adjectives.In Experiment 2,23 Chinese undergraduates were recruited to assess past self,present self,and future self of Chinese and Americans.In Experiment 1,the behavioral results showed that participants tended to use more positive adjectives and fewer negative adjectives to evaluate their future self,compared to their past self and present self;They tended to use more negative adjectives to evaluate their past self,compared to their present self.In

关 键 词：个体时间自我评价 集体时间自我评价 时间自我参照范式 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]