博物馆教育项目的设计、执行和评估——国际博物馆协会教育与文化委员会年度“五佳项目”评选的启示  

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Museum Educational Programs:ICOM CECA’s Top Five Best Practice Awards

作　　者：程艳妮 黄瑾 CHENG Yan-ni;HUANG Jin(Han Yangling Museum,Xi’an,Shaanxi,712038;The Protection Institute of Xi’an Qinglong Temple,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710043)

机构地区：[1]汉景帝阳陵博物院,陕西西安712038 [2]西安青龙寺遗址保管所,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《东南文化》2024年第1期146-154,共9页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：国际博物馆协会教育与文化委员会每年评选五佳项目,旨在指导和规范教育与文化项目的设计和实施。五佳项目在设计、执行、评估阶段各有其遵循的原则,即设计阶段的目的性、相关性和合理性原则,执行阶段的适宜性原则,评估阶段的科学性和客观性原则,同时还要阐释在人力物力方面的具体要求。对比中国博物馆的特色项目,中国博物馆在设计阶段存在目的性欠开放、科学相关性考量不足,在执行阶段存在贯彻适宜性专业程度不够深入、博物馆教育方法欠灵活,在评估阶段存在问卷设计欠科学、调查方法较单一、问题分析不足等问题,对此,中国博物馆教育项目设计应合理调整三阶段权重分配比例,遵循可持续发展原则,从而促进博物馆更好发挥教育功能。ICOM CECA(Committee for Education and Cultural Action under International Council of Museums)annually selects the Top Five Best Practice Awards(TFBPA)to provide guidance and standardization for the design and implementation of educational and cultural programs.TFBPA should adhere to standardized principles in the process of planning,development,and evaluation.These principles include the purpose,relevance,and feasibility principles in the design phase,the appropriateness principle in the implementation phase,and the scientific and objective principles in the evaluation phase.Specific requirements in terms of human and material resources are also elucidated.Comparing these international best practices with distinctive projects in Chinese museums reveals certain shortcomings.In the design phase,Chinese museums lack openness in their purposes and insufficient consideration of scientific relevance.In the implementation phase,there is a need for a more in-depth implementation of appropriateness and greater flexibility in museum educational methods.In the evaluation phase,issues such as non-scientific questionnaire design,limited survey methods,and insufficient problem analysis exist.Chinese museum education programs design should adjust the weighting distribution in the three phases,adhere to sustainable development principles,and thereby facilitate museums in better fulfilling their educational roles.

关 键 词：博物馆 教育项目 国际博协教育与文化委员会 五佳项目 设计 执行 评估 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]