中国超大城市流动人口的市民权获得研究:一个流动性和非流动性的解释框架  

A STUDY ON MIGRANTS'ATTAINMENT OF URBAN CITIZENSHIP IN A CHINESE MEGACITY:AN EXPLANATORY FRAMEWORK OF MOBILITY AND IMMOBILITY

作　　者：李丽梅[1] 陈赟[2] LI Li-mei;CHEN Yun(Center for Modern Chinese City Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute of Anthropology,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学社会发展学院人类学所,上海200241

出　　处：《人文地理》2024年第1期101-112,共12页Human Geography

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题(2018BCK007)。

摘　　要：中国改革开放以来的人口流动是以具有空间流动性和户籍身份非流动性的暂时性人口流动为主、具有跨越空间和户籍身份双重流动性的永久性迁移为辅的双轨系统,这在超大城市表现得尤为典型。如何理解和解释中国超大城市永久性迁移人口和暂时性流动人口之间、永久性迁移人口内部、暂时性流动人口内部表现出的市民权流动性和非流动性?本文借鉴迁移期望和迁移能力理论,扩展流动性和非流动性的内涵,从跨越空间边界延伸到跨越制度边界;根据户口迁移期望和迁移能力的不同,本文提出一个流动性与非流动性的解释框架,将中国城市流动人口的市民权获得分为五种类型:顺从不流动、自愿流动、非自愿流动、非自愿不流动和自愿不流动,并基于上海的数据加以实证分析。市民权的流动性具有异质性,既可能是自愿争取的结果,也可能是制度限制之下非自愿的结果;市民权的非流动性不仅是一种结构制约之下顺从的或非自愿的反应,也可以是一种自愿或战略的选择。The internal migration in China is a two-track system that is composed of the permanent and temporary migration under the hukou(household registration)system.What distinguishes the permanent and temporary migration is not the length of residence at the destination but whether the hukou is transferred to the destination.Migrants have varying degrees of agencies to respond to structural restrictions,producing different consequences of urban citizenship mobility and immobility,which can be observed not only between permanent and temporary migrants,but also within permanent migrants and temporary migrants.How can we understand the urban citizenship mobility and immobility among migrants in Chinese cities?Based on the statistical data of population migration and hukou conferment,the in-depth interviews with hukou migrants and the judgment verdicts of the administrative litigation on hukou disputes in Shanghai,this study identifies five types of mobility and immobility:acquiescent immobility,voluntary mobility,involuntary mobility,involuntary immobility and voluntary immobility.Mobility is highly heterogeneous,different groups of migrants obtain hukou in different ways.Immobility also occurs in different ways.Immobility can be seen not only as an acquiescent or involuntary response under structural constraints,but also as an voluntary or strategic choice.

关 键 词：户口 市民权 流动性 非流动性 迁移期望 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]