民间苯教文献和纳西东巴经典比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Folkloric Bon Manuscripts and Dongba Manuscripts

作　　者：仇任前 QIU Ren-qian

机构地区：[1]甘肃民族师范学院马克思主义学院,合作747000

出　　处：《中国藏学》2023年第6期20-27,213,共9页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“藏族民间苯教文献与纳西东巴经典比较研究”(项目编号:19XMZ026)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：研究纳西学的国内外众多学者,普遍认为纳西族的东巴教与藏族的苯教之间有着千丝万缕的关系,苯教对东巴教的影响涉及宗教宇宙观、神灵体系、祭祀仪轨、宗教法器等多方面。从文章所讨论的个案来分析,苯教的章格神、威尔玛神分别为东巴教多格神、优玛神的原型。在苯教文献和纳西东巴经典中蝙蝠都是巧言善辩者,扮演沟通神与人之间的使者和证人的角色,而猴子被认为是污秽之物,但是,在宗教仪式中猴子又充当人类的替身。苯教文献中的“叶安战争”与东巴经典中的“黑白战争”神话故事都以战神的起源为主题,我们看到文本中关于世界起源的宇宙观也都秉承“五行说”与“卵生说”;在文本叙事结构、故事主题、神灵的名称及职能等方面苯教与东巴教有着几乎相同或一一对应的特点。最近十余年来,对甘肃、四川、青海地区发现的大量民间苯教手抄文献的搜集整理并相继出版,为苯教与西南少数民族宗教古籍文献的跨文化比较研究提供了充分的条件,为我们把握理解各民族之间“我中有你、你中有我”,中华民族灿烂的文化是各民族共同创造的重要论述提供了新资料、新视角。Many scholars at home and abroad who study Naxiology generally believe that there is an inextricable relationship between the Dongba religion and the Bon religion,and that the influence of the Bon religion on the Dongba religion involves the religious cosmology,the system of gods and spirits,the rituals of sacrifices,and the religious instruments and other aspects.Analyzing the cases discussed in this paper,the Bon gods Drang-rgan and Wer-ma are the prototypes of the Dongba gods Duoge and Yuma,respectively.In the Bon manuscripts and Dongba manuscripts,the bat is an eloquent speaker who plays the role of a messenger and witness to communicate between the gods and humans,while the monkey is regarded as an impurity,but it serves as a stand-in for human beings in religious ceremonies.The"War of Ye and Ngam"in the Bon manuscripts and the"Black and White War"in the Dongba manuscripts are based on the theme of the origin of the war gods,and we can see that the cosmology of the origin of the world in the texts is based on the""Five Elements Theory"and the"Ovation Theory",and that Bon and Dongba religions share almost the same or one-to-one correspondence in the structure of the text,the theme of the story,and the names and functions of the deities.In the past ten years or so,a large number of folk religion manuscripts of Bon religion found in Gansu,Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces have been collected and compiled and published one after another,providing sufficient conditions for the crosscultural comparative study of manuscripts of the Bon religion and the Southwest ethnic minority religion,and providing new information and perspectives for us to understand the interwovenness among various ethnic groups of China,and that the splendid culture is the creation of all the ethnic groups of China together.

关 键 词：苯教 东巴教 经书 比较研究 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学] B989.2[哲学宗教—宗教学]