《山法了义海论》所引佛教经论——藏汉译文比较及义理研究之十三  

Comparative Study on the Translations of Buddhist Scriptures Cited in the Ri chos nges don rgya mtsho((ⅩⅢ))

作　　者：宗喀·益西丹佛 Tsong-kha Ye-shes Idan-dpal

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国藏学》2023年第6期104-138,217,共36页China Tibetology

摘　　要：藏传佛教觉囊派高僧笃补巴·西饶坚赞在其名著《山法了义海论》“果”篇章的最后部分中,以《大般涅槃经》《大法鼓经》《金光明最胜王经》及《慈氏五论》《龙树六论》等印度佛教经论为依据,阐释佛之法、报、化三身的理论内涵及其在藏传佛教语境下的实践、教化功能。在此基础上,对如来藏佛性论中的转依理论、中道观中的般若无知理念等作了深入阐释,并由此呈现了所谓解脱成佛的理想境界。这对大乘如来藏之精义与般若中观之微旨,有综合圆融之妙,可谓中国佛教史上承前启后、卓然独树的一家之论。笔者认为,用现代学术的观点考察,笃补巴的这些论述虽然充满着信仰主义乃至神秘主义色彩,但他这种考镜源流、显微阐幽的为学态度是值得肯定的。对《山法了义海》所引佛教经论之藏、汉译文进行比较,并就其关涉义理进行研究,可知汉传、藏传佛教之交流交融;也可见中国佛教既出处有源,又自出己意,佛教的中国化就是佛教的见修行与经律论在中国的自然与人文环境中形成的新的、不同的表达方式。Dol-bu-pa Shes-rab rgyal-mtshan was an eminent Jonang monk of Tibetan Buddhism.In the final part of the"effect"chapter in his famous book Ri chos nges don rgya mtsho(Ocean of Definitive Meaning:A Teaching for the Mountain Hermit),based on the Mahaparinirvana-sitra,Maha-bheri-haraka-pariwvarta-sitra,Suvaraprabhasottama-sutra,Five Treatises of Maitreya,Six Treatises of Nagarjuna and other Indian Buddhist sutras,the Trikaya theory and its practice and enlightenment function in the context of Tibetan Buddhism are interpreted.On this basis,the transformation theory in Tathagatagarbha and the concept that Prajna is not Knowledge in Madhyamika are thoroughly explained.And thus presents the ideal state of liberation and becoming a Buddha.This has a comprehensive significance for Tathagatagarbha and Madhyamika,which is a unique family theory linking the past and the future in the history of Chinese Buddhism.The author believes that from the modern academic point of view,although Dol-bu-pa's statements are full of faith and even mysticism,his attitude towards learning is worthy of affirmation.Comparing the Tibetan and Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures cited in Ri chos nges don rgya mtsho and studying their related principles,we can see the exchange and blending of Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism;it can also be seen that Chinese Buddhism has its original sources and the development of Buddhism in the Chinese context is the new and different expression of Buddhism in China's natural and humanistic environment.

关 键 词：《山法了义海论》 三身 转依 如来藏 

分 类 号：B946.6[哲学宗教—宗教学]