汉代生育禁忌习俗中的性别与权力  

Gender and Power in the Taboo Customs of Childbirth in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：孙朝阳 焦杰[1] Sun Zhaoyang;Jiao Jie(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期108-113,共6页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(19FZSB047)。

摘　　要：两汉社会出现了比先秦时期更为严苛的生育禁忌,人们普遍认为产妇不洁且危险,产孕异常、忌日出生的婴儿会妨害父母。因此,承担生育重任的产妇和某些“特殊婴儿”被当作禁忌对象,产妇在分娩之前必须离开日常生活的居所,到特定地点分娩,产孕异常、忌日出生的新生儿也会被弃之不育。两汉社会流行的生育禁忌观念,不仅是对产妇不洁和“特殊婴儿”妨害父母的担忧,背后还隐藏着更为深层的性别与权力关系。汉代父权制文化深入发展,丈夫在家庭中的权力不断增长,夫权不断强化,针对产妇和婴儿的一系列生育禁忌实则是权力压迫和性别歧视在家庭关系中渗透的结果。In the Han Dynasty,there were even more stringent birth taboos than in the pre Qin period.The concept that mothers were unclean and dangerous,abnormal pregnancy,and babies born on the day of death were harmful to parents was extremely common.Mothers who bear the heavy burden of childbirth and certain“special babies”were treated as taboo objects.Before giving birth,mothers must leave their daily residence and go to a specific location for childbirth;Newborns born on abnormal pregnancy or death days could be abandoned.The popular taboo concept of childbirth in the Han Dynasty was not only a concern about maternal impurity and the harm of“special babies”to parents,but also a deeper gender and power relationship hidden behind it.The patriarchal culture of the Han Dynasty was deeply developed,and the power of the husband in the family continued to grow.As a result,a series of birth taboos targeting mothers and infants were actually the result of power oppression and gender discrimination infiltrating into family relationships.

关 键 词：汉代社会 生育禁忌 驱逐产妇 生子不举 性别与权力 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]