一种能量均衡的水下无线传感器网络覆盖空洞修补方法  

An Energy Balanced Method for Repairing Coverage Holes in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

作　　者：闫雒恒 皇甫中民 YAN Luoheng;HUANGFU Zhongmin(College of Information Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学信息工程学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期33-41,共9页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61271143);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A520023,21A520026)。

摘　　要：针对现有水下无线传感器网络空洞修补方法需要空洞边界探测、通信和计算开销大、覆盖率和能量均衡性差、水下环境模型过于理想化等问题,考虑水底地形复杂,且通常存在较大障碍物等环境因素,建立了基于能量的节点之间、区域边界、零能量空洞、低能量覆盖洞、水底地形及障碍物作用力等多维度的虚拟力模型,提出了基于上述虚拟力模型和能量均衡的空洞修补算法。该算法不需要精确的空洞边界探测,对水下复杂地形和不同环境具有良好的适应性和鲁棒性。此外,提出的对低能量节点、低能量覆盖洞冗余修补的策略,显著提高了修补后网络能量分布的均衡性,减少了因低能量节点的能量很快耗尽而出现新的覆盖空洞的频率,减少了空洞修补频次,降低了网络维护成本。In view of the existing methods for repairing holes in underwater wireless sensor networks that require hole boundary detection,high communication and computing costs,poor coverage and energy balance,and overly idealized un-derwater environment models,a multi-dimensional virtual force model based on energy between nodes,regional boundaries,zero energy holes,low energy covering holes,underwater terrain and obstacle forces was established considering the com-plex underwater terrain and large obstacles.A void repair algorithm based on the above virtual force model and energy equalization is proposed.This algorithm does not require precise cavity boundary detection and has good adaptability and robustness to complex underwater terrain and different environments.In addition,the proposed strategy of redundant patc-hing of low-energy nodes and low-energy coverage holes significantly improves the equalization of the network energy distri-bution after patching,reduces the frequency of new coverage holes due to the rapid depletion of the energy of low-energy nodes,reduces the frequency of hole patching,and reduces the network maintenance cost.

关 键 词：水下无线传感器网络 覆盖控制 空洞修补 虚拟力 能量均衡 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TV214[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]