科学家与美国政府的冷战政策  

The Scientists and the Cold War Policy of the United States

作　　者：赵学功[1] Zhao Xuegong(Research Center for the History of Modern World,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第2期57-66,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“冷战时期美国对德国问题的政策研究”(20ASS008)。

摘　　要：美国科学家无论是在冷战的起源、演进及结束过程中都扮演了非常重要的角色,基本形成了支持和反对美国冷战政策的两派。一派科学家反对军备竞赛,主张对核武器实施国际管制,全面禁止核试验,通过国际合作谋求东西方关系的缓和;另一派则力主通过技术进步来确保美国的国家安全,主张大力发展核力量,谋求对苏联的绝对优势,以此威慑苏联,并在必要时使用核武器以实现美国的政治和军事意图。两派都通过各种渠道对美国政府的政策施加影响,双方之间的较量贯穿于整个冷战时期。The U.S.scientists played a very important role in the origin,evolvement and end of the Cold War.They are divided into two camps of proponents and opponents of the US Cold War policy.One camp of scientists opposed the arms race,advocated the implementation of international control of nuclear weapons,a comprehensive ban on nuclear testing,and sought détente in East-West relations through international cooperation.The other camp advocated ensuring U.S.national security by technological advances,supporting the vigorous development of nuclear forces,seeking absolute superiority over the Soviet Union as a means of deterrence against the Soviet Union,and using nuclear weapons when necessary to realize the U.S.political and military intentions.Both camps exerted influence on the United States policy-making through various channels,and the rivalry between them lasted throughout the Cold War era.

关 键 词：奥本海默 特勒 科学家 冷战 核军备竞赛 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学] D771.2[历史地理—世界史]