注释类典籍三重语义层级与文本异文——以《论语》经注疏为中心  

Three Semantic Levels and Variant Text in Annotated Classics--The Annotated Classics of The Analects of Confucius as the Focus

作　　者：于芝涵[1] Yu Zhihan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第2期144-150,共7页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学项目“中国训诂学的理论总结与现代转型”(20VJXT015)。

摘　　要：注释类典籍包含词义、文义、训释三级语义层,每一层级的语义都可以影响文本用字导致异文。以《论语》经注疏为讨论中心,可发现三级语义系统和异文之间的制约与平衡关系:首先,汉语字词关系的对应具有历时性,后世以分化字、通用字、本字改早期文本的母字、异体字、通假字,会导致后时文本呈现异文。其次,文本的文义具有兼容性,后世使用“对文则异,散文则通”的近义词替换,或“据经造字”表达文义,也会导致后时文本呈现异文。再次,经注本的训释参与构建文本意义系统,后世选择与训释更切合的文字形体,以至出现“据注改经”,亦会导致后时文本呈现异文。总体来看,后出异文多致力于加强文字和文本意义层级的联系。Annotated classics include three semantic levels:word meaning,text meaning and exegesis.Every semantic level can affect the use of characters and result in variant choices of characters.This paper focuses on the annotated classics of The Analects of Confucius,and analyzes the restriction and balance between the semantic levels and variant text.Firstly,the correspondence between Chinese characters is diachronic.Later generations used differentiated characters,common characters,original characters that were used to modify the earlier characters,variant characters,and Tongjia characters,which resulted in variant characters.Secondly,the text meaning is compatible.Later generations used synonyms as substitutes,since“synonyms can be used in general terms,but must be distinguished when they appear relatively”,or“characters can be based on scriptures”to express the literal meaning,which will also lead to the rise of variant text in later generations.Thirdly,the exegesis after annotation participated in the construction of the system of text meaning.Later generations chose the characters whose forms were more in line with the exegesis,which resulted in the phenomenon of“modifying scriptures based on annotations”,and also the text varied in later versions.In general,the variant text appeared in later generations was dedicated to strengthening the connection between characters and all semantic levels.

关 键 词：异文 词义 文义 训释 《论语》 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]