半干旱矿区采动地裂缝发育对幼苗库及其建植因子影响  

Influence of mining ground fissures development on seedling bank and seedling establishment factors in semi-arid mining area

作　　者：杜华栋[1,2,3] 谢姗姗 毕银丽 刘研 孙浩 刘云龙 DU Huadong;XIE Shanshan;BI Yinli;LIU Yan;SUN Hao;LIU Yunlong(College of Geology&Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Western Mine Ecological Environment Rehabilitation Research Institute,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿山生态环境修复研究院,陕西西安710054 [3]陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2024年第2期350-362,共13页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFF1303303)。

摘　　要：半干旱矿区煤炭井工开采引起的地表塌陷,造成水土流失强度增加以及植被生境损害等一系列生态干扰,其中采动地裂缝发育对坡面幼苗库特征及建植的影响仍有待深入研究。本文首先探明了榆神府矿区距采动地裂缝不同距离(0~1 m、1~2 m和2~5 m)幼苗库密度、组成和多样性特征,再结合土壤因子、地上植被群落及枯落物特征揭示裂缝发育造成影响幼苗建植的环境因子在空间上的差异性,最后采用物种相似性模型探究了裂缝发育区幼苗库对地上植被自然更新的影响。结果表明:①在未有裂缝发育的对照区,幼苗库组成以多年生草本为主(占比57%),裂缝发育后距地裂缝0~1 m和1~2 m范围,多年生草本比例分别下降至30%和35%,但一年生草本占比较对照区分别增加了28%和25%;与对照区相比0~1 m和1~2 m幼苗密度分别显著增加了92%和68%,幼苗库Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数分别增加了42%和24%、62%和40%、33%和18%,但Pielou均匀度相较于对照区分别降低了55%和38%;而距裂缝2~5 m范围,幼苗库生活型组成、密度和多样性与对照区已无显著性差异,因此裂缝发育对幼苗库特征影响范围在2 m范围之内。②地表裂缝发育后,距地裂缝0~1 m和1~2 m范围影响裂缝幼苗建植的相同因子包括土壤含水量、土壤有机质含量和枯落物厚度,但0~1 m范围除上述影响因子外还包括枯落物盖度、土壤结皮盖度与厚度、地上植被盖度与生物量等因子;随着距裂缝距离增加,距裂缝2~5 m范围限制幼苗建植的关键因子减少且与对照区相似,主要包括土壤含水量、地上植被盖度和枯落物盖度。③距地裂缝0~1 m和1~2 m以一年生为主的幼苗库物种组成与以多年生为主的地上植被物种相似性较低仅为0.42和0.48,加之一年生植物对植物群落演替促进能力较弱,因此可以得出受裂缝干扰较大的0~2 m范围幼苗库�In semi-arid areas,underground coal mining could cause ecological and environmental problems such as surface subsidence,which can increase soil erosion intensity and damage vegetation habitats.In these ecological damages,the effect of mining ground fissures development on the seedling banks still needs to be studied further for its important role in plant restoration.In this study,the density,composition,and diversity characteristics of seedling banks were clarified at different horizontal distances(0-1 m,1-2 m,and 2-5 m)from the mining ground fissuresin the Yushenfu mining area.Then the spatial variability of driving factors affecting seedling establishment were explored by combining soil factors,aboveground vegetation communities and litters characterization.Finally,the species similarity model was used to explore the effects of seedling banks on the natural vegetation regeneration in different areas from the ground fissures.The results showed that:①In the control site without fissures development,the composition of the seedling bank was dominated by perennial grasses(57%),but after fissures development,the proportion of perennial herbs decreased to 30% and 35% in the 0-1 m and 1-2 m area from the fissures,respectively.Compared with the control sites,the seedling density increased significantly by 92% and 68% in 0-1 m and 1-2 m area,the Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Simpson dominance index of the seedling bank increased by 42% and 24%,62% and 40%,and 33% and 18%,but Pielou evenness index was reduced by 55% and 38%,respectively.However,there were no significant differences in the composition,density and diversity of seedling bank in 2-5 m area from the ground fissures compared to the control area.Therefore,the impact of ground fissures development on the characteristics of the seedling bank was within the range of 2 meters.②After the development of ground fissures,the same factors affected seedling establishment were soil moisture content,soil organic matter content and litter th

关 键 词：采煤地表塌陷 地表裂缝 幼苗库 幼苗建植 植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]