数据要素应用与企业创新效应——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据  

Application of Data Factor and Enterprise Innovation Effect:Empirical Evidence from Chinese A-share Listed Companies

作　　者：马淑琴[1] 徐苗 张陈宇 MA Shuqin;XU Miao;ZHANG Chenyu(School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学经济学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江工业大学经济学院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2024年第2期50-67,共18页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“服务分工推动制造业国际竞争力动态升级研究:基于地区服务业开放的视角”(72203206);浙江工业大学人文社会科学类基本科研业务费项目(GB202301003)。

摘　　要：数据要素作为数字经济时代的核心生产要素,是驱动企业创新的新引擎。基于数据要素的多重异质属性,界定了企业层面数据要素应用的核心内涵,从数据资源、数据应用过程、数字技术和数字业务支撑系统四个维度筛选关键词,通过文本分析测度了数据要素应用程度指标,并以2007—2021年中国A股上市企业为样本,实证检验了数据要素应用对企业创新数量和创新质量的影响效应。研究发现:数据要素应用同时促进了企业创新数量增长和创新质量提升,该结论在内生性处理和稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明,数据要素应用通过资源配置优化效应和市场偏好匹配效应促进企业创新量变和质变。基于环境动态性视角的进一步检验发现,数字基础设施环境优化会强化数据要素驱动企业创新量变,制度环境改善和技术更迭能同时激发数据要素引领企业创新的量变和质变。As the core production factor in the era of the digital economy,data factor becomes a new engine promoting enterprise innovations.Based on the multiple heterogeneous attributes of data factor,this paper defines the core connotation of the application of data factor at enterprise level and select keywords from four dimensions:data resource,data application process,digital technology,and digital system.By textual analysis of annual reports from listed enterprises,an index is constructed to measure the degree of application of data factor,and the impact of the application of data factor on the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation is empirically tested by taking Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2007 to 2021 as samples.The results show that the application of data factor significantly improves enterprise innovation quantity and quality and this conclusion still holds after endogeneity test and robustness test.Mechanism analysis indicates that the application of data factor promotes enterprise innovation by resource allocation optimization effects and market preference matching effects.Further study shows that optimizing the digital infrastructure environment will strengthen the positive effect of data factor on the quantitative change of enterprise innovation,and institutional environment improvement and technological upgrading can lead to the driving effect of data factor on the quantity and quality of innovation.

关 键 词：数据要素 企业创新 资源配置效率 市场偏好 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]