无人参照的自然内在价值如何推导有人的道德义务——论自然内在价值的有效性问题  

How Can the Intrinsic Value of Nature,Independent of Any Human Reference,Be Used to Derive Human Moral Obligations?--On the Validity of Intrinsic Value of Nature

作　　者：张聪惠 陆永胜 ZHANG Cong-hui;LU Yong-sheng

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期106-116,共11页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：自然内在价值是自然中心论确立人对自然应当承负直接道德义务的理论内核。以无人参照为主要特征,对自然内在价值理论上的合理性质疑经常导向为实践上的有效性怀疑,即无人参照的自然内在价值如何推导出有人的道德义务?由于自然内在价值论拒斥保护自然的唯人目的论,对自然内在价值的有效性回答实则是在康德道义论范畴下做出伦理信念的规范性处理,以便将自然内在价值与人伦内在必然关联起来。在此目标下,自然内在价值的“无人参照”不等同于去人化的无人在场,而是去人类中心的以人为基础的伦理在场。在人与自然之间存在的权益冲突问题上,对自然承负直接道德义务的伦理要求指向的是自然福祉的优先考量,这在突出种际正义的同时却在道德形式与道德内容上存有回避现实人际正义的弊端,从而限制了自然内在价值作为一种伦理信念的有效发挥。The intrinsic value of nature is the theoretical core of anthropocentrism,establishing the direct moral obligation of humans towards nature.With“independent of any human reference”as its main characteristic,the questioning of the rationality of the theory of intrinsic value of nature often leads to doubts about its practical effectiveness.That is,how can the intrinsic value of nature without reference necessarily deduce human moral obligations?Since the theory rejects the humanistic teleology of protecting nature,the effective answer to the intrinsic value of nature is actually to make a normative treatment of ethical beliefs under the category of Kant’s deontology,so as to connect the intrinsic value of nature with human ethics.With this goal,“independent of any human reference”in the intrinsic value of nature does not equate to“No Human”,but rather an ethical presence based on human beings.On the issue of conflicts of rights and interests between humans and nature,the ethical requirement of bearing direct moral obligations towards nature points to the priority consideration of natural well-being.While highlighting inter species justice,this has the drawback of avoiding interpersonal justice in terms of moral form and content,thereby limiting the effective realization of natural intrinsic value as an ethical belief.

关 键 词：自然内在价值 道德义务 道义论规范 有效性 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]