Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/纤维素复合气凝胶的制备及其阻燃性能  

Preparation and flame-retardant properties of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/cellulose composite aerogel

作　　者：何亮 邱宇洪 周立春 刘文龙[3] 王思哲 廖家轩 HE Liang;QIU Yuhong;ZHOU Lichun;LIU Wenlong;WANG Sizhe;LIAO Jiaxuan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China;Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Quzhou),University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Quzhou 324003,Zhejiang Province,China;School of Food and Biological Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xian 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]成都大学机械工程学院,四川成都610106 [2]电子科技大学长三角研究院(衢州),浙江衢州324003 [3]成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都610106 [4]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《电子元件与材料》2024年第2期169-175,共7页Electronic Components And Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52202104);浙江省衢州市工业保温用高性能气凝胶复合材料关键技术及示范应用项目(2022D015,2023D023)。

摘　　要：针对纤维素气凝胶隔热性能差、易燃烧等问题,基于液氮定向冷冻及真空冷冻干燥技术,以低成本、环境友好的微晶纤维素为原材料,Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)溶胶为阻燃剂,去离子水为溶剂,加入硼酸作为催化剂控制共水解进程,制备出隔热阻燃性能良好的Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/纤维素复合气凝胶。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、锥形量热仪等研究了Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)溶胶含量对材料结构与性能的影响,并分析了复合气凝胶的阻燃机制。结果表明,随着Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)溶胶含量的增加,Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/纤维素复合气凝胶从蜂窝状结构向多孔三维网络结构转变,孔径减小。Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)溶胶与微晶纤维素溶液体积比为2∶10时,具有最高分解温度205.21℃和最大质量保持率35.191%。点燃时间为11 s,热释放速率峰值为127.13 kW/m^(2),表现出更好的阻燃性与抑制火焰生成能力。To address the issues such as inadequate thermal insulation performance and the combustible nature of the cellulose aerogel,the liquid nitrogen directional freezing and vacuum freeze-drying technology were utilized.Using microcrystalline cellulose as low-cost and eco-friendly raw material,while Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)sol as the chosen flame retardant and deionized water as the solvent,the co-hydrolysis process was modulated by adding boric acid as the catalyst.Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/cellulose aerogel was prepared with excellent heat insulation and flame retardant properties.To assess the impact of the solubility of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)on the structure and properties of the composite aerogel,techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and cone calorimetry were used.Additionally,a comprehensive analysis of the flame retardant mechanism of the composite aerogel was conducted.The results show that with the increase ofAl_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)sol content,the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)/cellulose composite aerogel changed from honeycomb structure to porous 3D network structure,and the pore size decreased.With volume ratio of 2∶10 between Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)sol and microcrystalline cellulose solution,the peak decomposition temperature of 205.21℃and maximum mass retention rate of 35.191%were achieved.The ignition time is 11 seconds and the peak heat release rate is measured at 127.13 kW/m^(2),demonstrating excellent flame retardant and suppression properties.

关 键 词：复合气凝胶 微晶纤维素 Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) 隔热保温 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ427[化学工程] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]