历史唯物主义的道德规范性与阶级利益——兼及马克思主义的正义问题  

The Moral Normative Dimension of Historical Materialism and Class Interests:Including the Question of Marxist Justice

作　　者：杨松[1] 杨璠 YANG Song;YANG Fan(Department of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：福建省社科研究基地重大项目“历史唯物主义的规范性内容研究”(FJ2022MJDZ002)。

摘　　要：马克思主义关于“正义”“公平”等的论述既具有描述性特征,也具有规范性特征。当在描述性语境中阐述其道德观念时,马克思和恩格斯试图说明道德与物质生产方式的关系、道德的历史性、道德的阶级性、道德与阶级利益的关系等内容。而在规范性语境中,他们也确实对资本主义作出了道德评价,认为其是不正义的。马克思和恩格斯是站在无产阶级的立场,作为无产阶级利益的代言人来抨击资本主义社会对无产阶级的迫害。通过对历史的科学研究,他们认为无产阶级利益的实现符合历史发展趋势,无产阶级道德观比资产阶级道德观更为合理。他们比较各阶级道德观之合理性的标准不在历史之外,而是由历史本身来提供的,即何者所代表的阶级利益的实现符合历史发展必然性,何者就具有合理性。The discourse of Marxism regarding concepts of“justice”and“fairness”encompasses both descriptive and norma⁃tive elements.In the descriptive context,Marx and Engels sought to elucidate the intricate relationship between morality and the mode of material production,the historical nature of morality,the class-based character of morality,and the interplay between mo⁃rality and class interests.In the normative context,they critically assessed capitalism as inherently unjust.In doing so,Marx and Engels positioned themselves as advocates for the proletariat,representing their interests and condemning the oppression inflicted up⁃on them by capitalist societies.Furthermore,through their scientific examination of history,they posited that the realization of prole⁃tarian interests aligns with the trajectory of historical development,thereby asserting that the proletarian conception of justice they es⁃pouse is more rational than bourgeois moral perspectives.Their yardstick for evaluating the rationality of divergent class-based con⁃ceptions of justice does not lie outside of history,but is derived from history itself.It entails assessing the extent to which the reali⁃zation of class interests,as represented by each perspective,aligns with the inexorable course of historical development.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 道德规范性 阶级利益 历史必然性 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]