陪都重庆的灯下黑:袍哥与烟毒治理失败之原因  

The Darkmes under the Light in Wartime Chongqing The Gown Brotherhood and the Failure of Drug Prohibition

作　　者：李靖 魏楚雄 LI Jing;C.X.George WEI

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系,100037 [2]河南大学历史文化学院,475001

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第1期76-83,91,206,共10页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：烟毒是影响近代中国的一个重大问题。南京国民政府执政后,在国联指导下展开了全面的禁毒运动;甚至在抗战期间迁都重庆后,它也仍未放弃对烟毒的治理。但是,国民政府对于重庆社会乃至整个西南地区的控制深度依赖于地方势力和袍哥组织,因为后者在重庆存在已久,已深入到了重庆社会乃至四川的方方面面,甚至包括国民政府的军政系统。然而,袍哥组织本身又是该地区毒品贸易的枢纽和保护伞。如此一来,国民政府在重庆的禁毒措施便难以加以推进,这就是陪都重庆治理烟毒失败的原因,它在很大程度上说明了地方势力在国家治理当中的重要作用。Drug was a serious issue that cast a significant impact on modern China.After the Nationalist Government was established in Nanjing,it launched an all-round drug prohibition movement under the guidance of the League of Nations.Even when it was relocated to Chongqing during the Resistance War against Japan,it continued its drug prohibition actions there.However,the Nationalist Government was deeply dependent on the local power and the Gown Brotherhood which had existed there for long and expanded into almost all aspects of the Chongqing society and Sichuan Province including the political and military systems of the government.Yet,the Gown Brotherhood itself was also the pivot and a security blanket of the drug business.As a result,the Nationalist Government was unable to effectively implement its drug prohibition programs in Chongqing and failed its drug prohibition policy due to that dilemma,which to a great extent illustrated the important role of local powers in the nation's governance.

关 键 词：烟毒治理 袍哥 帮会 地方势力 战时重庆 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] K262.9[政治法律—中外政治制度]