实践导向的类型教育:职业本科教育发展的有效进路——来自德国的经验及对中国的启示  

Practice-Oriented Type Education: An Effective Path for the Development of Vocational Undergraduate Education: Lessons from Germany and Insights for China

作　　者：何伟光 唐玉溪 He Weiguang;Tang Yuxi(School of Social Sciences,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学社会科学学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第2期42-49,共8页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：国家社科基金高校思政课研究专项“生成式人工智能促进‘习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论’课教师创新素养研究”(编号:23VSZ035),主持人:唐玉溪。

摘　　要：我国发展职业本科教育已经获得政策许可,亟待探究推动其从试点探索走向稳健落地的实践方案。经过近半个世纪努力,德国业已将职业本科教育建设成以实践为导向的重要本科教育类型,呈现由应用科学大学专门负责举办、与普通本科教育形成差异化的人才培养定位、具有上下衔接的现代职业教育体系作支撑、拥有不可替代的办学功能及根植于独特的社会文化土壤的主要特点,探索出在入学资格上强调实践经历、重视校内外实践课程安排、展开以实践性为导向的教学创新、推动面向实践的研究与育人相统一、打造高质量“双师型”教师队伍以及以认证促进质量保障体系完善等方面经验。德国经验启发我国应沿着“实践导向的类型教育”进路推动职业本科教育发展,加强职业本科教育专业建设,面向产业所需优化人才选拔,突出课程设计的实践导向,通过形式创新提升教学效果,重视“双师型”教师队伍建设,构建完善的内部质量保障体系及发挥优势办出职业本科教育特色。The development of vocational undergraduate education in China has gained policy support,and it is imperative to explore practical approaches to promote its stable implementation beyond the pilot phase.After nearly half a century of effort,Germany has successfully established practice-oriented vocational undergraduate education as an important type of undergraduate education.It features specialized universities of applied sciences,distinct talent cultivation positioning compared to general undergraduate education,a modern vocational education system with vertical and horizontal connections,irreplaceable educational functions,and a unique social and cultural context.Germany's experience emphasizes the importance of practical experience in admission qualifications,the arrangement of practical courses both on and off-campus,teaching innovation guided by practicality,the integration of research and education focusing on practical applications,the cultivation of high-quality teaching staff with dual qualification,and the establishment of a quality assurance system through certification.The German experience inspires China to promote the development of vocational undergraduate education through a practice-oriented type-based education approach,strengthen the construction of vocational undergraduate education programs,optimize talent selection based on industry demands,and highlight the practice-oriented curriculum design.Additionally,it is important to enhance teaching effectiveness through innovative approaches,prioritize the development of teaching staff with dual qualification,establish a comprehensive internal quality assurance system,and leverage advantages to cultivate distinctive characteristics in vocational undergraduate education.

关 键 词：职业本科教育 实践导向 类型教育 本科教育类型 德国 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]