新中国技工教育发展历程回溯、问题检视与路径前瞻  

Retrospect,Problem Analysis,and Future Path of Technical and Vocational Education Development in New China

作　　者：李填[1] 闵学良 周晨萃 Li Tian;Min Xueliang;Zhou Chencui(Guangzhou Institute of Technology and Trade,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380;Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330038;Education College,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330038)

机构地区：[1]广州市工贸技师学院,广东广州510380 [2]江西科技师范大学职业教育研究院,江西南昌330038 [3]江西科技师范大学教育学院,江西南昌330038

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第2期107-113,共7页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：广东省技工教育和职业培训省级教学研究课题“广州技工教育历史变迁与当代启示研究”(编号:KT2021003),主持人:李兴军。

摘　　要：技工教育在培养生产一线技能劳动者、解决就业等国计民生问题上发挥着重要作用。新中国成立以来,技工教育经历了服务新中国现代工业体系建设的创办期、强政治指令引导下的曲折发展期、经济体制转型背景下的快速发展期以及适应市场经济体制深化需求的体系建设期等重要阶段。当前,经费投入不足导致技工教育服务区域经济发展能力孱弱、生源不足且质量偏低制约培养实力发挥、校企合作难以深度推进导致人才适配性不高以及技能人才持续健康成长的社会氛围亟待改善仍是制约技工教育高质量发展的现实困境。对此,技工教育应从持续加大经费投入、完善招生体制机制、充分发挥企业主体作用以及加强技能人才立法等方面寻求破解路径。Technical and vocational education plays an important role in cultivating skilled workers for front-line production and addressing issues such as employment.Since the establishment of New China,technical and vocational education has gone through important stages including the founding period serving the construction of the modern industrial system in China,the period of development influenced by political directives,the rapid development period under the background of economic system transformation,and the period of system construction to meet the deepening demands of the market economy.Currently,the insufficient funding has resulted in weak capacity of technical and vocational education to serve regional economic development,inadequate and low-quality student enrollment,limited development of cooperative relationships between schools and enterprises leading to low adaptability of talent,and the urgent need for improvement in the social environment for the sustained and healthy growth of skilled workers.These challenges are hindering the high-quality development of technical and vocational education.In response,efforts should be made in increasing funding,improving enrollment mechanisms,maximizing the role of enterprises,and strengthening legislation related to skilled workers to seek solutions.

关 键 词：技工教育 技能人才 战略机遇 特色发展 

分 类 号：G720[文化科学—成人教育学]