新加坡民族政策的变迁与族群意识的演化  

Changes of Ethnic Policy and Evolution of Ethnic Consciousness in Singapore

作　　者：黄小龙 杨静林[2] Xiaolong Huang;Jinglin Yang

机构地区：[1]广西科技师范学院,来宾546199 [2]广西民族大学,南宁530000

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第1期99-113,共15页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“南洋华侨共产党历史文献资料的整理与研究”(编号:23BSS054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新加坡素有“世界人种博物馆”之称,因而处理好各个族群之间的关系是新加坡自独立以来一项非常重要的课题。新加坡独立初期,国内各民族间诸如宗教、语言问题丛生,且主要民族间冲突不断。然而,50年后的今天,新加坡主要族群间关系却呈现出显著的和谐局面。族群关系的前后变化反映的是新加坡族群意识的淡化和国民意识提高的演化逻辑。那么,这一演化逻辑背后新加坡民族政策发挥了怎样的作用?基于这一思考,本文着眼于新加坡民族议题,以不同时期的民族政策和民族关系的变迁为脉络,剖析新加坡民族意识发展及国民意识提高的过程。研究认为,民族政策对族群意识有着淡化和塑造的双重功能,当不同的政策作用于多元民族国家时,政策的张力(即包容性和适用性范围)也使民族关系呈现融合或冲突的情形。新加坡独立后多元一体的民族政策调控淡化了狭隘的民族自我意识,并塑造演化出国民意识,这是如今新加坡主要族群之间关系和睦与民族凝聚力增强的根本原因。Singapore is known as the“museum of the world's ethnic groups”,so it is an important agenda to manage the relationship between different ethnic groups in Singapore since its independence.In the early days after Singapore's independence,problems relating to religion and language arose among various ethnic groups,and conflicts between major ethnic groups continued.Fifty years later,however,relations between Singapore's major ethnic groups are remarkably harmonious.The changes of ethnic relations reflect the evolutionary logic of the dilution of ethnic consciousness and the enhancement of national consciousness in Singapore.So,what is the role of Singapore's ethnic policy behind this evolutionary logic?Based on this consideration,this paper focuses on the ethnic issues in Singapore,and analyzes the process of the development and improvement of national consciousness in Singapore through following the changes of ethnic policies and ethnic relations in different periods.According to the research,ethnic policies have the dual functions of diluting and shaping ethnic consciousness.When different policy groups act on multi-ethnic countries,the tension of the policies(i.e.,inclusiveness and scope of applicability)also makes ethnic relations present a situation of integration or conflict.After Singapore's independence,the ethnic policy of pluralistic unity has diluted the narrow ethnic self-consciousness and shaped and evolved the national consciousness,which is the fundamental reason for the harmonious relations among the major ethnic groups and enhanced national cohesion in Singapore today.

关 键 词：民族政策 族群意识 国民意识 新加坡 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]