刑事证据规则的三种作用方式  

Three Modes of Criminal Evidence Rule

作　　者：冯俊伟[1] FENG Junwei(Shandong University Law School)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2024年第2期70-84,193,共16页The Jurist

基　　金：山东省泰山学者工程专项经费资助;山东大学人文社会科学创新团队项目“全面依法治国战略实施中的数据运用与数据治理”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事诉讼是一个证据生成、收集、移送、运用的过程,立法者基于一定正当理由对作为裁判依据的证据信息进行了限制。刑事证据规则本质上是一种证据信息的约束机制,通过这一机制促进准确事实认定与保障其他价值的统一。刑事证据规则的约束作用可以通过三种方式实现:一是审判证据规则,在审判阶段对证据提出、运用进行规范;二是审前证据规则,在审判前对证据信息的生成、收集、保管以及审前运用等进行规范;三是将审判前和审判作为一个整体,通过权利保障的方式实现对证据信息流动整个过程的规范。这三种作用方式根植于不同的诉讼理念,具有不同的运行方式。我国刑事证据制度缺乏统一的立法思路,需要进一步完善。Criminal Procedure is a process of producing,collecting,transferring and applying evidence.The legislator has restricted the evidence information as the basis of judgment for some legitimate reasons.The criminal evidence rules are essentially a kind of evidence information restraint mechanism,which promotes the unification of the accurate fact-finding and the guarantee of other values.The regulation function of criminal evidence rules can be realized in three ways:firstly,the rule of trial evidence,which regulates the presentation and application of evidence during the trial stage;secondly,the rule of pre-trial evidence,to regulate the production,collection,custody and application of evidence information before trial;thirdly,it is to take both pre-trial and trial as a whole,comprehensive regulation of the flow of evidence information is achieved through rights protection.These three modes of regulation are rooted in different litigation ideas and have different operational modes.China's criminal evidence system lacks unified legislative approach,and needs further improvement.

关 键 词：刑事证据规则 证据信息 自由证明 证据立法 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]