宋代儒佛之辩的逻辑演进  

The Ontological Disputes between Confucianism and Buddhism in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：李春颖 Li Chunying

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际儒学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2024年第2期56-65,F0003,共11页Philosophical Research

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新项目(编号23ZFG72001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目;北京市社会科学基金重点项目“情感儒学与孟子性善论”(编号21DTR005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋代儒佛之辩主要包含以“实有”或“实理”对治“空”这两个方面。以“实有”对治“空”主要以北宋儒者二程、张载为代表,其中二程以价值立场批判佛教之“空”,张载则以太虚实有驳斥佛教之“空”。中国佛教拥有完备精深的心性论,释氏会通儒佛时实际是以佛为本、以儒为末,以佛为体、以儒为用。因此随着宋代理学体系逐步完善,以朱子为代表的理学家必然从更深层面回应和攻击佛教,即以天理之“实”驳斥佛理之“空”。如何理解现实世界的体用问题,如何理解世界及其本根的问题,是朱子辟佛的重点,也是儒佛之间最根本、最激烈的矛盾点。儒家“实理”作为形而上本体,根植于现实世界有序运转的事事物物,是从本体层面对现实世界的奠基。佛教之空则认为一切有为法没有自性,需破除物执与我执,才能达致生死不染、去住自由的境界。The ontological disputes between Confucianism and Buddhism in the Song Dynasty can be examined from two aspects:"Emptiness and Reality"as well as"Emptiness and Principle"."Emptiness and Reality"was mainly discussed among Confucianists of the Northern Song Dynasty including Er Cheng and Zhang Zai.With the gradual progress of Neo-Confucianism,many of its disciples,with Zhuxi as the most prominent representative,began to attack Buddhism from the ontological perspective,refuting the emptiness advocated by Buddhism by means of the reality of the heavenly principle.How to understand the relationship between the real world and the noumenon constitutes a fundamental theme in Zhu Xi's discussion on Reality and Emptiness,and also results in a most basic as well as intense contradiction between Confucianism and Buddhism.

关 键 词：空 有 实理 儒佛之辩 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]